Review of Court Decisions: ¿Does Ukraine Guarantee the Right to a Fair Trial in Appeal?
Palavras-chave:
Access to justice, right to a fair trial, right to appeal, civil procedure.Resumo
The right to appeal to the court of appeal instance and cassation instance was enshrined in the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine, which formed the basis for the creation of special courts of cassation in 2010, making the four-levels structure of judiciary review in Ukraine. At the same time, this did not help to solve the problem of the number of cases brought annually to the courts of cassation. Currently, we have a three-levels structure according to the provisions of amended Constitution 2016 and the reformed legislation, though, the same problem of overcrowded court of cassation despite the existing restrictions and the role of court of cassation exists.
The main object of this article is the following question – does Ukraine develop the national system of appeal the judicial decisions, ensuring the right to a fair trial, given the citizens an access to justice and right to appeal to the court of higher instances, or not? We are trying to answer, using the methods of investigating the legal doctrine and generalizing the national judicial practice, as well as the case-law of the European court of Human Rights (ECtHR).
In conclusion we found out the right answer on the question, chosen for our research, and proposed to regulate strictly the possible objects available for appeal by parties, according to the principle of rei judicata in line with the conception of a fair trial.
Downloads
Referências
2015-2020 Strategy of judiciary, litigation and related areas reforms. (2015, May 20) Retrieved from http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/276/2015
Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine. (2017, October 03). Retrieved from http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1618-15/print
Data review on the state of administering justice in 2018 (2018). Retrieved from https://court.gov.ua/inshe/sudova_statystyka/analit_tabl_2018
ECtR judjment in case Abramova v. Ukraine (2018, December 18). Retrieved from http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-188375
ECtR judjment in case Azyukovska v. Ukraine (2018, November 08). Retrieved from http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-187765
ECtR judjment in case Golder v. the United Kingdom (1975, February 21). Retrieved from http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/rus?i=001-57496
ECtR judjment in case Helmers v. Sweden (1991, October 29) http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57701
ECtR judjment in case Levages Prestations Services v. France (1996, October 23). Retrieved from http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/rus?i=001-58065
judjment in case Monnell and Morris v. the United Kingdom (1987, March 2). Retrieved from http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57541
ECtR judjment in case Podbielski and PPU Polpure v. Poland (2005, July 26). Retrieved from http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-69911
ECtR judjment in case Volovik v. Ukraine (2007, December 6). Retrieved from http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-83877
ECtR judjment in case Zubac v. Croatia (2018, April 05). Retrieved from http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-181821
Generalization of the court practice (2019). Retrieved from https://supreme.court.gov.ua/supreme/pokazniki-diyalnosti/analiz/
Gusarov, K. (2010). Peregliad sudovih rishen v apeliacijnomu ta kasacijnomy poriadkah, Kharkiv, Pravo.
Gusarov, K. (2017). Legislative novelties of the appeal in civil procedure. Law of Ukraine, 8, 7682.
Hulko, B. (2018). About practice of Supreme Court implementation of the small claims’ procedure at the court of cassation. Law of Ukraine, 10, 102-113.
Iaroshenko, I. (2014). Civilnij procesualnij kodeks Ukrainy: aktualni pitannia kodifikacii in Europejski standarty zahistu prav u civilnomu sudochinstvi: viprobuvannia chasom. Conference proceedings. Kyiv, Dakor.
Interview of the Head of the Supreme Court (2019). Retrieved from https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-polytics/2695091-za-pivtora-roku-novij-verhovnij-sud-rozglanuv-120-tisac-sprav-danisevska.html
Interview of the Head of the Supreme Court for BBC (2019a, October 04). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-49917598
Izarova, I. (2018). Independent judiciary: experience of current reforms in Ukraine as regards appointment of judges in Judicial Management Versus Independence of Judiciary ed. by Katarzyna Gajda-Rosczynialska and Dobroslawa Szumilo-Kulczycka. Walters Kluwer, 226-242.
Izarova, I., & Prytyka, Y. (2019). Simplified action proceedings of civil procedure in Ukraine: challenges of the first year of implementation. Problems of Legality, 145, 51-67.
Khanyk-Pospolitak, R. (2011). Judicial System and Civil Procedure in Ukraine. Retrieved from http://www.ekmair.ukma.kiev.ua/bitstream/123456789/357/1/Khanyk-Pospolitak_Judicial.pdf
Komarov, V. (2012). ?ivilne protsesualne zakonodavstvo u dynamitsi rozvytku ta praktytsi Verhovnogo Sudu Ukrainy. Kharkiv, Pravo.
Lesko, A. (2019). Small significance of the cases in civil procedure as a criterion of the cassation court`s consideration and refusing of the opening the cassation procedure. Retrieved from http://www.vru.gov.ua/mass_media/998
On Making Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (Concerning Justice) Law (2016, June 02). Retrieved from http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1402-19/print1452602755913155
On the Judiciary and Status of Judges Law (2010, June 02). Retrieved from http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2453-17
On the Judiciary and Status of Judges Law (2016, June 02). Retrieved from http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1402-19/print1452602755913155
Panych, N. (2019). Access to Justice as Illustrated by the Institute of Small Claims: an Assessment of the Procedural Law Reform in Ukraine. Access to Justice in Eastern Europe, 1 (2), 52-66.