Figurative comparative constructions in Epic (based on the Yakut Epic Olonkho “D’ulurujar Njurgun Bootur” and the Altai Heroic Epic “Maadaj-Kara”)
Mots-clés :
Yakut heroic epic Olonkho, Altai epic, contacts, figurativeness, comparative construction, polypredicativeness, comparison standard, comparison indicator.Résumé
The paper analyzes structure and semantics of figurative comparative constructions describing appearance of main characters in the Yakut epic Olonkho “D’ulurujar Njurgun Bootur” written by a classic Yakut writer P.A. Ojunskij as compared to the Altai heroic epic “Maadaj-Kara”. It has been found that, comparative polypredicative constructions with figurative meaning play a leading role in description of those characters in the Yakut Olonkho while in the Altai epic monopredicative constructions are found in similar cases. In the analyzed descriptions with comparative polypredicative constructions, the predicate of the subordinate predicative unit used as a comparison standard is formed by analytic-synthetic structures – attribute participles combined with the postposition ??????. In the Altai epic as opposed to the Yakut Olonkho, the major means to describe characters are noun constructions with the affix –??? and constructions with the syntactic words ????ÿ ‘like, as if’, ??????ÿ ‘like, as if’, ????? ‘like, as if’, ????? / ????? ‘like’, ?ÿ??? ‘alike’. Comparative polypredicative constructions with the participle form –?????? as a predicate of the subordinate predicative unit are used much less. Active functioning of comparative polypredicative constructions in the Yakut Olonkho results from extensive and intensive use of syntactic means of figurativeness of various levels in the Olonkho.
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