Los cambios estructurales de la formación profesional de los estudiantes de educación superior en Rusia
Palabras clave:
Educación superior, pregrado, posgrado, maestría, mercado laboral, la estructura de la formación profesional.Resumen
El artículo da un análisis estadístico de la dinámica y la estructura de la formación profesional de los estudiantes en la educación superior. El objetivo principal del trabajo es identificar las necesidades especiales de los graduados pertinentes del mercado de trabajo moderno. La base empírica de la investigación se realiza de acuerdo con las estadísticas oficiales en Rusia en 2013-2018. Durante el período bajo revision se produjo una disminución de los estudiantes en un programa de pregrado en el 3.19%, mientras que el número de estudiantes especialidades disminuyó 3.39 veces, mientras que el número de estudiantes en el programa de maestría, en contraste, aumentó en 2.85 veces. Hay una tendencia a la reducción de la proporción de solicitudes aceptadas para la admisión universitaria del número total de solicitudes presentadas para todos los programas de estudio, con la excepción del programa de maestría. Los resultados indican que las ocupaciones que son populares entre los estudiantes universitarios no tienen una gran demanda en el mercado laboral moderno. Los graduados de pregrado preferían principalmente las profesiones humanitarias (legales, económicas, pedagógicas), pero es sobre ellas que hay un exceso y un alto nivel de competencia. Los cambios estructurales en el plan de estudios de los programas de pregrado y maestría han tenido lugar en términos de aumentar la participación de las pedagógicas y la educación en ingeniería. Los cálculos permitieron seguir el cambio progresivo en el programa de preparación de los estudiantes de acuerdo con el programa de formación profesional hacia el crecimiento del campo de la medicina. La reducción en las profesionales de atención primaria debido a su cambio en la forma básica de la formación como estudiante.
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