Estado da Arte da espécie Persea americana Mill (abacate)
Palavras-chave:
aguacate, insecticida, nanoformulaciones, Persea americanaResumo
O abacate (Persea americana Mill) é um fruto comestível de importância econômica da Familia Lauraceae. É nativo da América Central e do Caribe, mas seu cultivo se espalhou para outras regiões tropicais e subtropicais do planeta. Este artigo resume as informações relacionadas com a pesquisa sobre as propriedades biológicas desta espécie e aspectos relevantes do seu uso como inseticida e a possibilidade de obter nanoformulações de seus óleos e extratos são discutidos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o estado da arte sobre as propriedades biológicas de Persea americana Mill (abacate) de 1900 a 2019. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na consulta de bases de dados internacionais, como HighWire, DOAJ, EBSCO, Scielo, Scopus, Chemical Abstracts, Medline, PudMed e Pharmaceutical Abstract. Os resultados mostraram que a fitoquímica da espécie Persea americanaca tem sido amplamente estudada para folhas, frutos e sementes. A composição química desta espécie é caracterizada por diferentes grupos de metabolitos, os quais podem ser divididos em vários derivados que contem anel de furano, glicosídeos, terpenos, flavonoides e cumarinas. A principal família de compostos fenólicos encontrados nas cascas e sementes de abacate são derivados (epi) das catequinas. Uma grande variedade de atividades farmacológicas têm sido relatada para os diferentes órgãos (folhas, frutos, sementes e casca) de P. americana Mill. como hipocolesterolêmica, hipotensora, antiinflamatória, hipoglicêmica, analgésica, antioxidante, anticonvulsivante, cicatrizante e anticancerígena. Embora o uso de extratos de Persea americana como inseticida tenha sido relatado, nenhuma nanoformulação desses extratos utilizados para combater insetos foi encontrada na literatura revisada.
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Referências
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Bernal J., Díaz C., Tamayo A., Córdoba O., Londoño M., Tamayo P. (2008). Tecnología para el Cultivo del Aguacate. Colombia: CORPOICA. 11-23.
Chellappandiana, M., Vasantha-Srinivasana, P., Senthil-Nathana, S., Karthia, S., Thanigaivela, A., Ponsankara, A., Kalaivanib, K. y Hunte W.B. (2018). Botanical essential oils and uses as mosquitocides and repellents against dengue. Environment International, 113, 214–230.
Chen, X.J., Xu, H.H., Yang, W. y Liu, S.Z. (2009). Research on the effect of photoprotectants on photostabilization of rotenone. J. Photochem. Photobiol., 95(2), 93–100.
Chia, T.W.R. y Dykes G.A. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of crude epicarp and seed extracts from mature avocado fruit (Persea americana) of three cultivars. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(7), 753–756.
Chunga Mejia, A.M. (2014). Determinación de la acción antimicótica in vitro de un gel elaborado a partir del Aloe vera y Persea americana. Trabajo en opción al título de Químico y Farmacéutico. Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Ecuador. Recuperado de http://repositorio.ug.edu.ec/bitstream/redug/8111/1/BCIEQ-T-0068%20Chunga%20Mejia%20Adian%20M..pdf
Dabas, D., Shegog, R., Ziegler, G. y Lambert, J. (2013). Avocado (Persea americana) Seed as a Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals. Current Pharmaceutical Desing, 19, 6133-6140.
De Almeida, A.P., Miranda, M.M., Simoni, I.C., Wigg, M..D, Lagrota, M.H. y Costa, S.S. (1998). Flavonol monoglycosides isolated from the antiviral fractions of Persea americana (Lauraceae) leaf infusion. Phytother Res,12, 562-7.
de Almeida, P., Miranda, M.M.F.S., Simoni, I.C., Wigg, M.D., Lagrota, M.H.C. y Costa, S.S. (1998). Flavonol Monoglycosides Isolated from the Antiviral Fractions of Persea americana (Lauraceae) Leaf Infusion. PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, 12, 562–567.
Domergue, F., Helms, GL., Prusky, D. y Browse, J. (2000). Antifungal compounds from idioblast cells isolated from avocado fruits. Phytochemistry, 54,183-9.
Dwijendra S. (Ed.). (2014). Advances in Plant Biopesticides. Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India : Springer.
Edem, D.O. (2009). Hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic extracts of Alligator Pear Seed (Persea Americana Mill) in rats. Eur J Sci Res., 33(4), 669-678.
Fagundes, M.C.P., de Oliveira, A.F., de Carvalho, V.L., Ramos, J.D., dos Santos, V.A y Rufini, J.M. (2018). Alternative Control of Plant Pathogen Fungi Through Ethanolic Extracts of Avocado Seeds (Persea Americana Mill.). Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 61, 18180052.
García, R., Raventós, R y García R. (2015) Estudio de la acción del aguacate sobre el proceso de cicatrización en ratas de experimentación quemadas. Rev Arch Med Camagüey, 4(2), 1–7.
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2019-08-31
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Chil-Núñez, I., Molina-Bertrán, S., Ortiz-Zamora, L., Dutok, C., & Souto, R. (2019). Estado da Arte da espécie Persea americana Mill (abacate). Amazonia Investiga, 8(21), 73–86. Recuperado de https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/49
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