How do young generations perceive gender differences?: A case study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.64.04.3Palavras-chave:
Sex and Gender, Stereotypes, Gender Differences.Resumo
There is a difference between sex and gender. Just as sex expresses biological differences, gender also refers to the difference created in mutual relations in social life. Different factors feed the perception of gender socially. Therefore, some stereotypes have developed between both sexes against each other. How these stereotypes emerged in the z-generation living in the internet age has been shown in this study through the sample taken. For this, the students were asked how they approached some stereotypes about their gender and the opposite gender, and the results were compared. In the questionnaire, there are multiple-choice questions and Likert scale-type questions. The differences between the students' answers were revealed statistically, and it was also examined in the SPSS program whether there were significant differences. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that although these students made significant progress on gender stereotypes, they still carry stereotypes on some issues.
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Referências
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Shashaani, L. (1993). Gender-based differences in attitudes toward computers. Computers & Education, 20(2), 169-181.
Shotter, J. (2019). Social Accountability and the Social Construction of'You'. Thirty Years On. Murmurations: Journal of Transformative Systemic Practice, 2(1), 67-96.
Snyder, M., & Miene, P. (1994). On the functions of stereotypes and prejudice. Zanna M., Olson J. The psychology of prejudice, 7, 33-42.
Spencer, S. J., Logel, C., & Davies, P. G. (2016). Stereotype threat. Annual review of psychology, 67, 415-437.
Strand, E. A. (1999). Uncovering the role of gender stereotypes in speech perception. Journal of language and social psychology, 18(1), 86-100.
Stroebe, W., & Insko, C. A. (1989). Stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination: Changing conceptions in theory and research. In Stereotyping and prejudice (pp. 3-34). New York, NY: Springer.
Tarhan, Ö. (2022). Children’s understanding of the concept of social stereotypes. Child Indicators Research, 1-35.
Yildiz, Y. (2020). Reading habit and its role on students’ academic success at language preparatory school: A research on Tishk International University preparatory school students. Amazonia Investiga, 9(27), 189-194. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.27.03.20
Yildiz, Y. (2022). Ethics in education and the ethical dimensions of the teaching profession. ScienceRise, 4, 38-45.
Bowleg, L. (2013). “Once you’ve blended the cake, you can’t take the parts back to the main ingredients”: Black gay and bisexual men’s descriptions and experiences of intersectionality. Sex roles, 68(11-12), 754-767.
Bussey, K., & Bandura, A. (1984). Influence of gender constancy and social power on sex-linked modeling. Journal of personality and social psychology, 47(6), 1292.
Bussey, K., & Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological review, 106(4), p. 683
Celik, B., & Yildiz, Y. (2019). The role of foreign language culture on teaching the language and learner motivation. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(4), 150-161.
Celik, B., Yildiz, Y., & Bilgin, R. (2022). Perceptions and Recommendations of Foreign Language Teachers to Prevent Children Violence and Abuse: A Case Study in Tishk International University Students in Erbil, Iraq. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 80(1), 82-118.
Croson, R., & Gneezy, U. (2009). Gender differences in preferences. Journal of Economic literature, 47(2), 448-474.
Davey, K. M. (2008). Women's accounts of organizational politics as a gendering process. Gender, Work & Organization, 15(6), 650-671.
Denissen, J. J., Van Aken, M. A., & Dubas, J. S. (2009). It takes two to tango: How parents’ and adolescents’ personalities link to the quality of their mutual relationship. Developmental psychology, 45(4), 928.
Diem-Wille, G. (2018). The early years of life: Psychoanalytical development theory according to Freud, Klein, and Bion. Routledge.
Donizzetti, A. R. (2019). Ageism in an aging society: The role of knowledge, anxiety about aging, and stereotypes in young people and adults. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(8), 1329.
Donner, H. (2016). ‘Working in the Metropolis’: Reflections on Gender and Fieldwork in the City. In Critical Journeys (pp. 165-189). Routledge.
Eckes, T., & Trautner, H. M. (2012). Developmental social psychology of gender: An integrative framework. In The developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 17-46). Psychology Press.
Edwards, A. L. (1940). Studies of stereotypes: I. The directionality and uniformity of responses to stereotypes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 12(2), 357-366.
Frank, K., & Hou, F. (2015). Source?country gender roles and the division of labor within immigrant families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(2), 557-574.
Golshirazian, S., Dhillon, M., Maltz, S., Payne, K. E., & Rabow, J. (2015). The effect of peer groups on gender identity and expression. International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies, 2(10), 9-17.
Hill, J. P., & Lynch, M. E. (1983). The intensification of gender-related role expectations during early adolescence. Girls at puberty: Biological and psychosocial perspectives, 201-228.
Holcombe, A. (1922). Public Opinion. By Walter Lippmann. (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1922. Pp. x, 427.). American Political Science Review, 16(3), 500-501. doi:10.2307/1943740
Johnson, J. L., & Repta, R. (2012). Sex and gender. Designing and conducting gender, sex, and health research, 1737.
Khan, Q., Sultana, N., Bughio, Q., & Naz, A. (2014). Role of language in gender identity formation in Pakistani school textbooks. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 21(1), 55-84.
Levant, R. F. (2011). Research in the psychology of men and masculinity using the gender role strain paradigm as a framework. American psychologist, 66(8), 765.
Martin, C. L., Ruble, D. N., & Szkrybalo, J. (2002). Cognitive theories of early gender development. Psychological bulletin, 128(6), 903.
Matthaei, J. (1995). The sexual division of labor, sexuality, and lesbian/gay liberation: Toward a Marxist-feminist analysis of sexuality in US capitalism. Review of Radical Political Economics, 27(2), 1-37.
Nicholson, L. (1994). Interpreting gender. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 20(1), 79-105.
Papadakis, S. (2018). Gender stereotypes in Greek computer science school textbooks. International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies, 9(1), 48-71.
Peterman, A., Behrman, J. A., & Quisumbing, A. R. (2014). A review of empirical evidence on gender differences in nonland agricultural inputs, technology, and services in developing countries (pp. 145-186). Springer Netherlands.
Plous, S. E. (2003). Understanding prejudice and discrimination. McGraw-Hill.
Schmitt, D. P., Long, A. E., McPhearson, A., O'Brien, K., Remmert, B., & Shah, S. H. (2017). Personality and gender differences in global perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 52, 45-56.
Scott, J. (2006). Family and gender roles: how attitudes are changing. Arxius de Ciències Socials, 15, 143-154.
Shashaani, L. (1993). Gender-based differences in attitudes toward computers. Computers & Education, 20(2), 169-181.
Shotter, J. (2019). Social Accountability and the Social Construction of'You'. Thirty Years On. Murmurations: Journal of Transformative Systemic Practice, 2(1), 67-96.
Snyder, M., & Miene, P. (1994). On the functions of stereotypes and prejudice. Zanna M., Olson J. The psychology of prejudice, 7, 33-42.
Spencer, S. J., Logel, C., & Davies, P. G. (2016). Stereotype threat. Annual review of psychology, 67, 415-437.
Strand, E. A. (1999). Uncovering the role of gender stereotypes in speech perception. Journal of language and social psychology, 18(1), 86-100.
Stroebe, W., & Insko, C. A. (1989). Stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination: Changing conceptions in theory and research. In Stereotyping and prejudice (pp. 3-34). New York, NY: Springer.
Tarhan, Ö. (2022). Children’s understanding of the concept of social stereotypes. Child Indicators Research, 1-35.
Yildiz, Y. (2020). Reading habit and its role on students’ academic success at language preparatory school: A research on Tishk International University preparatory school students. Amazonia Investiga, 9(27), 189-194. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.27.03.20
Yildiz, Y. (2022). Ethics in education and the ethical dimensions of the teaching profession. ScienceRise, 4, 38-45.
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Publicado
2023-05-30
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Yildiz, Y., & Bilgin, R. (2023). How do young generations perceive gender differences?: A case study. Amazonia Investiga, 12(64), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.64.04.3
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