The state of kurdish language through public policies in Turkey after 1980
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2022.56.08.30Mots-clés :
Public Policies, Kurdish Language, Soldiers, Conservative Governments.Résumé
Making of public policies is a process through which the state determines relevant topics for the sake of its citizens and implements them. In Turkey, the public policies about Kurdish language after 1980 are outstanding such that the actors of coup d’état eagerly embraced the former idea of nation state which theoretically requires one common language in the borders of the given country. In parallel with this notion, the soldiers, who are the impeccable followers of Kemalist idea, put much pressure on local languages in Turkey, especially Kurdish language. They made some laws and forbade other languages than Turkish. But later, the conservative governments reigned in Turkey which had different ideas about this topic. As they got the opportunities, they made use of them so as to improve the situation for that language. The conservative governments handled this topic in the realm of freedom and human rights and created different public policies, so the adventure of Kurdish Language followed a much different track under different governments. This is a qualitative study, and the data were compiled from the related literature and evaluated accordingly.
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Paffenholz, T. (Ed.). (2010). Civil society & peacebuilding: a critical assessment (pp. 43-64). Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Rocker, R. (1998). Nationalism and Culture, Translated by Ray E. Chase. Montreal/New York/London: Black Rose Boks.
Sabatier, P. A. (1991). Toward better theories of the policy process. PS: Political Science & Politics, 24(2), 147-156.
Sado?lu, H. (2002). Turkish language policies in the process of nationalization (1839-1950) [Ulusla?ma sürecinde Türk dil politikalar? (1839-1950)] (Doctoral dissertation), Marmara Universitesi, Turkey.
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Whitman, L. (1992). Denying human rights and ethnic identity: the Greeks of Turkey. Human Rights Watch.
Yildiz, Y., & Dayan, S. (2022). A Tiny Look at Hizmet (Service) Movement Teachers’ Diplomatic Mission. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 5(6), 188-191.
Akdo?an, A. A. (2011). Historical Traces of Public Policy Discipline in Turkey [Türkiye’de Kamu Politikas? Disiplininin Tarihsel ?zleri]. Public Administration and Public Policies in Turkey. Ankara, TODAIE Publications [Türkiye’de Kamu Yönetimi ve Kamu Politikalar?, Ankara, TODA?E Yay?nlar?], 75-98.
Akgül, A., & Kapt?, A. (2010). Turkey's Drug Enforcement Policy: Policy Process Analysis, Transnational Crimes from Local to Global [Türkiye'nin Uyu?turucu ile Mücadele Politikas?: Politika Süreç Analizi, Yerelden Küresele S?n?ra?an Suçlar]. Ankara: Police Academy Publications [Ankara: Polis Akademisi Yay?nlar?].
Akindele, S. T., & Olaopa, O. R. (2004). A theoretical review of core issues on public policy and its environment. Journal of Human Ecology, 16(3), 173-180.
Celik, B., & Yildiz, Y. (2019). The role of foreign language culture on teaching the language and learner motivation. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(4), 150-161.
Cochran, C. E., Mayer, L. C., Carr, T. R., Cayer, N. J., & McKenzie, M. (2015). American public policy: An introduction. Cengage Learning.
Dollery, B. E., & Wallis, J. L. (1997). Market failure, government failure, leadership and public policy. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 8(2), 113-126.
Dror, Y. (1967). Policy analysts: A new professional role in government service. Public Administration Review, 197-203.
Dye, T. (1981) Understanding Public Policy, Fourth edition, Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ. https://repository.vnu.edu.vn/handle/VNU_123/89996
Erat, V. (2014). A review on public policy field in Turkey [TÜRK?YE'DE KAMU POL?T?KASI ALAN YAZINI ÜZER?NE B?R ?NCELEME]. Gümüshane University Electronic Journal of the Institute of Social Science [Gümüshane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi], 5(10).
Gellner, E. (2015). Nations and nationalism. In Conflict after the Cold War (pp. 378-389). Routledge.
Haber 7 (2009) Preparation of permission for Private Kurdish Television [Özel Kürtçe Televizyona izin haz?rl???] http://www.haber7.com/medya/haber/434257-ozel-kurtce-televizyona-izin-hazirligi
Heywood, A. (2013) Politics. Fourth Edition. Palgrave Foundations.
Hill, M., & Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing public policy: Governance in theory and in practice. Sage.
?nal, K. (2012). The nationalization of the Kurdish language in the language AKP period as an important dimension of the Kurdish problem [Kürt sorununun önemli bir boyutu olarak dil akp döneminde kürtçenin kamusalla?mas?]. Education Science Society [E?itim Bilim Toplum], 10(37), 76-112.
Kubilay, Ç. (2005) Regulations Regarding Mother Tongues and Public Space in Turkey: Breaking the Synchronization of Mother Tongue and Official Language [Türkiye’de Ana Dillere Yönelik Düzenlemeler Ve Kamusal Alan: Anadil Ve Resmi Dil E?itlemesinin K?r?lmas?]. Journal of Educational Research [E?itim Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi], 2(2)
Law No. 1587. Population Law, Acceptance Date: 5/5/1972 Published in the R. Newspaper: 16/5/1972 Number: 14189 Published Code: Issue 5 Volume 11, Page. 2272 [Nüfus Kanunu, Kanun Numaras?: 1587 Kabul Tarihi: 5/5/1972 Yay?mland??? R. Gazete: 16/5/1972 Say?: 14189 Yay?mland??? Düstur: Tertip: 5 Cilt: 11 Sayfa:2272] / https://www.nvi.gov.tr/kurumlar/nvi.gov.tr/mevzuat/yururluktenkaldirilanlar/
kanunlar/1587sayilinufuskanunu.pdf
Law No. 6112. Law on the establ?shment and broadcast serv?ces of rad?o and telev?s?ons. Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. Date of Adoption: 15/2/2011, Published in Official Gazette: Date: 3/3/2011 Number: 27863, Code of Publication: Arrangement: 5, Volume: 50 [RADYO VE TELEV?ZYONLARIN KURULU? VE YAYIN H?ZMETLER? HAKKINDA KANUN, Kanun Numaras?: 6112, Kabul Tarihi: 15/2/2011, Yay?mland??? R.Gazete: Tarih: 3/3/2011 Say?: 27863, Yay?mland??? Düstur: Tertip: 5, Cilt: 50] https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.6112.pdf
Law No. 2932. Law on Publications in Languages Other than Turkish, (Published in the Official Gazette: 10.22.1983 Number: 18199), Date of Acceptance: 10.19.1983 [Türkçeden Ba?ka Dillerle yap?lacak Yay?nlar Hakk?nda Kanun, (Resmî Gazete ile yay?m?: 22.10.1983 Say?: 18199), Kanun No. 2932, Kabul Tarihi: 19.10.1983] https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc066/
kanundmc066/kanundmc06602932.pdf
Law No. 2709. CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY, Date of Approval in the Constituent Assembly: 10.18.1982; Date of acceptance: 7.11.1982 [2709 Say?l? Kanun. TÜRK?YE CUMHUR?YET? ANAYASASI, Kurucu Meclis'te Kabul Tarihi: 18.10.1982, Kabul Tarihi: 7.11.1982] https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/anayasa/seksen-iki-anayasasi
Merriam Webster Dictionary (2022). “public policy” http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/public%20policy
Oran, B. (2009) Turkish Foreign Policy, Volume 1. Istanbul: ?leti?im Publications [Türk D?? Politikas?, Cilt 1. ?stanbul: ?leti?im Yay?nlar?]
Paffenholz, T. (Ed.). (2010). Civil society & peacebuilding: a critical assessment (pp. 43-64). Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Rocker, R. (1998). Nationalism and Culture, Translated by Ray E. Chase. Montreal/New York/London: Black Rose Boks.
Sabatier, P. A. (1991). Toward better theories of the policy process. PS: Political Science & Politics, 24(2), 147-156.
Sado?lu, H. (2002). Turkish language policies in the process of nationalization (1839-1950) [Ulusla?ma sürecinde Türk dil politikalar? (1839-1950)] (Doctoral dissertation), Marmara Universitesi, Turkey.
T24 Ba??ms?z ?nternet Gazetesi (2012). Roj TV kapat?ld? (Roj TV was closed down). https://t24.com.tr/haber/roj-tvnin-kapatildi-yerine-5-kanal-geldi,209734
TRT (2022). History [Tarihçe] http://www.trt.net.tr/Kurumsal/Tarihce.aspx
Whitman, L. (1992). Denying human rights and ethnic identity: the Greeks of Turkey. Human Rights Watch.
Yildiz, Y., & Dayan, S. (2022). A Tiny Look at Hizmet (Service) Movement Teachers’ Diplomatic Mission. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 5(6), 188-191.
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Publiée
2022-10-18
Comment citer
Bilgin, R., Ekici, S., & Sezgin, F. (2022). The state of kurdish language through public policies in Turkey after 1980. Amazonia Investiga, 11(56), 320–329. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2022.56.08.30
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