Mejora de la eficiencia del procesamiento básico del suelo en las zonas áridas de la Federación de Rusia
Palabras clave:
Labranza básica del subsuelo, equipo cultivable, desgarradora, profundidad de la labranza, seguridad del rastrojo, productividad, consumo de combustible.Resumen
En la Federación de Rusia, una gran cantidad de tierras de cultivo se encuentra en regiones áridas, que se caracterizan por un clima continental fuerte, fuertes vientos y lluvias insuficientes. En tales áreas, la tecnología del procesamiento básico de vertederos, como una forma de acumulación y conservación de la humedad en el suelo, se ha extendido. La especificidad de esta tecnología radica en el desmoronamiento continuo de la capa cultivable cultivada sin recambio de la formación con la máxima preservación de los rastrojos y restos de plantas en la superficie del día del campo. En zonas áridas, para el aflojamiento continuo de la capa cultivable, los implementos de labranza que no son de vertedera se han utilizado ampliamente: cortadores planos, desgarradores profundos y arados de arado compartido, en los que se instalan bastidores SibIME - LP-0.35 en lugar de cascos. Como resultado de la investigación, el problema de aumentar la eficiencia de la labranza principal del vertedero en campos ubicados en áreas áridas de la agricultura se resolvió mejorando los parámetros operativos y tecnológicos de la unidad cultivable con el arado cultivador PB-5, que difiere de la unidad conocida con un arado de cuchilla equipado con un soporte SibIME - LP-0.35. Los autores del artículo propusieron una unidad de cultivo que consiste en un tractor VT-100D de clase 3 y un nuevo desgarrador de arado PB-5 para la implementación de la tecnología de cultivo básico de labranza en condiciones de cultivo en seco, que proporciona una alta productividad laboral y menores costos de energía con indicadores de calidad equivalentes en comparación con una unidad en serie VT-100D + PLN-5-35 + LP-0.35.
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Revyakin E. L., Prosvirin V. G. (1990). Puti snizheniya zatrat energii pri vspashke [Ways of reducing energy consumption in plowing]. Agriculture, 3, 53 – 55.
Rumyantsev V. I. (1964). Sistema obrabotki pochvy v zasushlivykh raionakh Yugo-Vostoka [The system of tillage in the arid regions of the South-East.]. Moscow.
Shabaev A. I. (2003). Adaptivno-ekologicheskie sistemy zemledeliya v agrolandshaftakh Povolzhya [Adaptive ecological farming systems in agriculture in the landscapes of the Volga region]. Saratov, 320.
Sokolova M. V. (2014). Rabochii organ dlya polosnoi glubokoi obrabotki pochvy [A working organ for deep strip plowing]. Scientific review, 6, 34 – 36.
Spirin A. P. (2005). Vlagosberegayushchaya obrabotka pochvy [Moisture saving tillage]. Agriculture, 2, 18 – 20.
Spirin A. P. (1999). Pochvozashchitnye tekhnologii [Soil protection technologies]. Agriculture, No. 2, pp. 22 – 23.
Startsev S. V. (2003). Povyshenie effektivnosti ispolzovaniya pakhotnykh agregatov [Improving the efficiency of using plowing units]. Saratov: FSEI HPE "Saratov SAU".
Zhuk, Z. Y. (1992). Kontseptsiya i vozmozhnye napravleniya razvitiya tekhnologii i tekhniki selskokhozyaistvennogo proizvodstva budushchego [The concept and possible areas of developing the technologies and the machinery for agricultural production in the future]. Tractors and agricultural machinery, 1, 1 – 6.
Azizov Z. M. (2004). Priemy i sistemy osnovnoi obrabotki pochvy v zasushlivoi stepi Povolzhya [Methods and systems of main soil tillage in the dry steppe of the Volga region]. Agriculture, 2, 22 – 23.
Bobkov S. A., Lapushkin A. V., Prokopenko B. A. (2001). Novaya tekhnika dlya polevykh rabot [New equipment for field works]. Agro-inform, 28, 26 – 29.
Borisenko I. B. (2006). Sovershenstvovanie resursosberegaiushchikh i pochvozashchitnykh tekhnologii i tekhnicheskikh sredstv obrabotki pochvy v ostrozasushlivykh usloviiakh Nizhnego Povolzhia [Improving the resource-preserving and soil-saving technologies and technical means of soil tillage in the highly arid regions of the Lower Volga]: abstract diss. ...Dr. of Technical Sciences: 05.20.01. Cheboksary, 42.
Boykov V. M. (1998). Novye sposoby i tekhnicheskie sredstva osnovnoi obrabotki pochvy [New methods and technical means of primary tillage]. Saratov: Publishing House of Saratov State University, 53.
Boykov V. M., Startsev S. V., Boykova E. V., Pavlov A. V. (2009). Vliyanie tekhnologii osnovnoi obrabotki pochvy na nakoplenie i soderzhanie vlagi [The effect of basic soil tillage methods on moisture accumulation and content]. Vavilov readings – 2009: Materials of the international scientific- practical conference, Saratov, 221 – 222
Boykov V. M., Startsev S. V., Pavlov A. V. (1998). Sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya pakhotnykh agregatov [The state and perspectives of developing plowing units]. Saratov: Publishing House Saratov state University, 53.
Capote, Tania; González, Gonzalo; Perdomo, José (2019). El enfrentamiento al cambio climático en la especialidad forestal de la educación técnica professional, Revista Científica del Amazonas, 2 (3), 5-16.
Dyakov V. P. (1988). Soprotivlenie pochvy deformatsii klinom [Soil resistance to wedge deformation]. Machinery in agriculture, 3, 26 – 28.
Gortuller L. (2005). Cenius auf dem Weg zum Genius. Profi., 2, 18 ? 21.
Goryachkin V. P. (1965). Coll. of works: in 3 volumes, Vol 2. Moscow: Kolos.
GOST 20915-2011. (2013). Ispytaniia selskohoziaistvennoi tekhniki. Metody opredeleniia uslovii ispytanii [Testing of agricultural tractors and machines. Procedure for determination of test conditions]. Moscow: FSBSI Rosinformagrotech.
GOST R 52778-200. (2008). Ispytaniia selskohoziaistvennoi tekhniki. Metody ekspluatatcionno-tekhnologicheskoi otsenki [Testing of agricultural tractors and machines. Methods of operational-technological evaluation]. Moscow: Standartinform.
Gribanovsky A. P. (2004). O selskokhozyaistvennom proizvodstve v Respublike Kazakhstan i ego nauchnom obespechenii [On agricultural production in the Republic of Kazakhstan and its scientific provision]. Almaty: LLC InzhuMarzhan poligraphia firmasy.
Gribanovsky A. P., Buidlingmeier R. V. (1990). Kompleks protivoerozionnykh mashin (teoriya, proektirovanie) [A complex of anti-erosion machines (theory, design)]. Alma-Ata: Kainar.
Gureev N. N. (1988). Energoemkost obrabotki pochvy [Energy intensity of tillage]. Machinery in agriculture, 3, 22 – 26.
Khalansky V. M., Gorbachev I. V. (2003). Selskokhozyaistvennye mashiny [Agricultural machinery]. Moscow: ColosS.
Kuipers, A. (1984). The challenge of soil cultivations and soil water problems. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 29.3, 177 – 190.
Lachuga Y. F. (2004). Strategiya mashinno-tekhnologicheskogo obespecheniya proizvodstva s.kh. produktsii. [Strategy of machinery and technology support of obtaining agricultural products.]. Machinery and equipment for rural areas, 1, 3 – 7.
Lurie A. L., Lyubimov A. I. (1981). Shirokozakhvatnye pochvoobrabatyvaiushchie mashiny [Wide working width tillage machines]. Leningrad: Mashinostroenie.
Marchenko O. S. (1991). Tendentsiya razvitiya tekhnologii i rabochikh organov mashin dlya pochvoobrabotki [Trends in the development of technology and working organs of tilling machines]. Mechanization and electification of agriculture, 7, 61 – 63.
Mekhanizatsiya zashchity pochv ot vodnoi erozii v Nechernozemnoi polose [Mechanization of soil protection from water erosion in the non-chernozem zone]. (1977). Ed. by A. T. Vagina. -Leningrad: Kolos.
Pavlov A. V. (1995). Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologicheskogo protcessa posloinoi obrabotki pochvy plugom-rykhlitelem s kombinirovannym rabochim organom [Improving the technological process of graded tillage using a noninversing plow with a combined working organ]: abstract diss. ... Candidate of Technical Sciences. Saratov, 20.
Ploskoreznaya obrabotka pochvy. (2015). Available: http://visacon.ru/vyraschivanie-podsolnechnika/3915-ploskoreznaya-obrabotka-pochvy.html
Putrin A. S. (2000). Obosnovanie putei resheniya problemy obrabotki pochv, nakhodyashchikhsya v ekstremalnom sostoyanii [Substantiation of the solutions for the problem of tillage of the soil in the extreme state]. Machinery in agriculture, 4, 12 – 14.
Puts M. (2003). Bodenbearbeitungsgerate auf hochstem Niveau getestet. dlg-tesn. de 2.
Resursosberegayushchie tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya s.kh. kultur [Resource-saving technologies of cultivating agricultural crops]. (2001). Moscow: FSSU Rosinformagrotech.
Revyakin E. L., Prosvirin V. G. (1990). Puti snizheniya zatrat energii pri vspashke [Ways of reducing energy consumption in plowing]. Agriculture, 3, 53 – 55.
Rumyantsev V. I. (1964). Sistema obrabotki pochvy v zasushlivykh raionakh Yugo-Vostoka [The system of tillage in the arid regions of the South-East.]. Moscow.
Shabaev A. I. (2003). Adaptivno-ekologicheskie sistemy zemledeliya v agrolandshaftakh Povolzhya [Adaptive ecological farming systems in agriculture in the landscapes of the Volga region]. Saratov, 320.
Sokolova M. V. (2014). Rabochii organ dlya polosnoi glubokoi obrabotki pochvy [A working organ for deep strip plowing]. Scientific review, 6, 34 – 36.
Spirin A. P. (2005). Vlagosberegayushchaya obrabotka pochvy [Moisture saving tillage]. Agriculture, 2, 18 – 20.
Spirin A. P. (1999). Pochvozashchitnye tekhnologii [Soil protection technologies]. Agriculture, No. 2, pp. 22 – 23.
Startsev S. V. (2003). Povyshenie effektivnosti ispolzovaniya pakhotnykh agregatov [Improving the efficiency of using plowing units]. Saratov: FSEI HPE "Saratov SAU".
Zhuk, Z. Y. (1992). Kontseptsiya i vozmozhnye napravleniya razvitiya tekhnologii i tekhniki selskokhozyaistvennogo proizvodstva budushchego [The concept and possible areas of developing the technologies and the machinery for agricultural production in the future]. Tractors and agricultural machinery, 1, 1 – 6.
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2019-09-26
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Boykov, V. M., Startsev, S. V., Protasov, A. A., Vorotnikov, I. L., & Pavlov, A. V. (2019). Mejora de la eficiencia del procesamiento básico del suelo en las zonas áridas de la Federación de Rusia. Amazonia Investiga, 8(22), 485–496. Recuperado a partir de https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/790
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