La influencia del liderazgo transformacional en la eficacia de la organización y el liderazgo: un estudio de caso empírico de Pakistán
Palabras clave:
Liderazgo, liderazgo transformacional, organización, desempeño organizacional, innovación, estilo de liderazgo.Resumen
La era dinámica moderna y la sociedad consciente de hoy obliga a los nuevos líderes a enfrentar desafíos reales para los líderes de todo el mundo; basadas en los fuertes lazos de integración de conocimiento, las empresas se centran en fomentar la innovación para la supervivencia y se esfuerzan por mejorar para competir y mantenerse en el mercado. Sin embargo, las organizaciones a veces no logran una ventaja competitiva viable debido a su comprensión limitada de las relaciones en medio de estas variables premeditadas. Este estudio investiga el impacto del liderazgo transformacional en el desempeño organizacional; Empleando la innovación organizativa como el papel mediador. El estudio explora que la relación entre "liderazgo transformacional" y "desempeño organizacional" es convincente. Las "técnicas de muestreo de conveniencia" se emplean para recopilar información, es decir, los datos se recopilan mediante el cuestionario empleado para evaluar a los líderes transformacionales. Los cuestionarios consisten en 25 preguntas que se han distribuido entre líderes de múltiples niveles que trabajan en el Grupo MIA y se analizan posteriormente mediante el uso de SPSS. La investigación actual ayudará a los gerentes / profesionales de rol líder a desarrollar un estilo de liderazgo requerido en las organizaciones de uno. La mayoría de las organizaciones requieren un entorno donde los empleados estén motivados por líderes motivados y sean más efectivos y creativos para liderar organizaciones exitosas. Además, proporciona evidencia persuasiva de la importancia de continuar los esfuerzos para comprender la naturaleza de la conexión entre el comportamiento y la eficacia del liderazgo.
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Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. Leadership Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001
Balkin, D. B., Markman, G. D., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2000). Is CEO pay in high-technology firms related to innovation? Academy of Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556340
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Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Transformational leadership, organizational culture. International Journal of Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699408524907
Baumeister, H. (2002). Customer Relationship Management for SME ’ s. In Conference Proceedings of the eBusiness and eWork Conference E2002.
Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2004). Personality and Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.901
Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Self-concordance at work: Toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leaders. Academy of Management Journal, 46: 554-571.
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Carter, S. M., & Greer, C. R. (2013). Strategic leadership: Values, styles, and organizational performance. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051812471724
Coelho, P., Zúquete, A., & Gomes, H. (2018). Federation of Attribute Providers for User Self-Sovereign Identity. Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management, 3(4), 32.
Commons, W. (2012). Main Industries by Region - Pakistan. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Main_Industries_by_Region_-_Pakistan.png
avidovitz, R., Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Izsak, R., & Popper, M. (2007). Leaders as Attachment Figures: Leaders’ Attachment Orientations Predict Leadership-Related Mental Representations and Followers’ Performance and Mental Health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.4.632
Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., & McKee, R. A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25 years of research and theory. Leadership Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.004
Dionne, S. D., Yammarino, F. J., Atwater, L. E., & Spangler, W. D. (2004). Transformational leadership and team performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410530601
Doody, O., & Doody, C. M. (2014). Transformational leadership in nursing practice. British Journal of Nursing. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2012.21.20.1212
Mehrabani, S. E., & Mohamad, N. A. (2015). New approach to leadership skills development (developing a model and measure). Journal of Management Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-03-2013-0046
Elmore, R. F. (2000). Building a new structure for school leadership. American Educator. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfecs.v28i1.52788
Ganzarain, J., & Errasti, N. (2016). Three stage maturity model in SME’s towards industry 4.0. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2073
García-Morales, V. J., Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M. M., & Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.03.005
Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C., Davis, K. M., & Dickens, M. P. (2011). Authentic leadership: A review of the literature and research agenda. Leadership Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.007
Gastil, J. (1994). A Definition and Illustration of Democratic Leadership. Human Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679404700805
Gilley, A., Gilley, J. W., & McMillan, H. S. (2009). Organizational change: Motivation, communication, and leadership effectiveness. Performance Improvement Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.20039
Greve, H. R. (2003). Organizational learning from performance feedback: A behavioral perspective on innovation and change. Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback: A Behavioral Perspective on Innovation and Change. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615139
Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.032
Hamdan, l. (2018). Quality Circle and its Roles in Industry and Services. Journal of Humanities Insights, 02(01), 21-5.
Hamidifar, F., & Ebrahimi, M. (2016). Academic Leadership in a Private University: An Iranian Case Study. International Education Studies. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n5p193
Hansen, G. and Wernerfelt, B. (1989). "Determinants of firm performance: The relative importance of economic and organisational factors." Strategic Management Journal. 10(September-October): 399-411
Heifetz, R. A., & Laurie, D. L. (1997). The work of leadership. Harvard Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2009.5235495
Horney, N., Pasmore, B., & O’Shea, T. (2010). Leadership Agility: A Business Imperative for a VUCA World. People & Strategy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.07.001
Ilsever, J., & Ilesever, O. (2016). DOES TRANSFORMATION LEADERSHIP PROMOTE INNOVATION PRACTICES IN E-COMMERCE. Business Studies Journal.
Judge, T. A., & Piccol, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.246
Kelidbari, H. R. R., Fadaei, M., & Ebrahimi, P. (2016). The Role of Ethical Leadership on Employee Performance in Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.058
Khan, R., Rehman A.U., & Yousuf, I. (2009). Influence of transformational leadership on employees performance: a pakistani perspective. International Journal of Accounting Information Science and Leadership, 2(3): 53-60.
Kim, H., & Kim, T. (2017). Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership: A Review of Empirical Studies. Human Resource Development Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484317729262
Lale, G., & Arzu, I. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research.
Lim, B. C. & Ployhart, R. E. (2004). Transformational leadership: Relations to the five-factor model and team performance in typical and maximum contexts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 610-621.
Lindgren, P. (2012). Business Model Innovation Leadership: How Do SME’s Strategically Lead Business Model Innovation? International Journal of Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n14p53
Mehrabani, S. E., & Mohamad, N. A. (2015). New approach to leadership skills development (developing a model and measure). Journal of Management Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-03-2013-0046
Muhammad, K. (2018). The Effects of Electronic Human Resource Management on Financial Institutes. Journal of Humanities Insights, 02(01), 01-5.
Muyambiri, B., & Chabaefe, N. N. (2018). The Finance–Growth Nexus in Botswana: A Multivariate Causal Linkage. Dutch Journal of Finance and Management, 2(2), 03.
Novicevic, M. M., Harvey, M. G., Ronald, M., & Brown-Radford, J. A. (2007). Authentic Leadership: A Historical Perspective. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130010901
Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2000). Leadership style, organizational culture and performance: Empirical evidence from UK companies. International Journal of Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190050075114
Orabi, T. G. A. (2016). The Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Human Resource Studies. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v6i2.9427
Ostroff, C. & Bowen, D.E. (2000). Moving HR to a Higher Level. In K.J. Klein and S.W. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel Theory, Research and Methods in Organizations pp: 211-266. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Paarlberg, L. E., & Lavigna, B. (2010). Transformational leadership and public service motivation: Driving individual and organizational performance. Public Administration Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02199.x
Porter, M. E. (2006). The Structure within Industries and Companies’ Performance. The Review of Economics and Statistics. https://doi.org/10.2307/1924589
Ackoff, R. L. (1999). Transformational leadership. Strategy & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb054626
Ahmadi, F., Rahimi, M., & Rezaei, A. (2018). Study of Relation between Business Model and Sensemaking Decisions. Journal of Humanities Insights, 2(2), 216-225.
Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. Leadership Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001
Balkin, D. B., Markman, G. D., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2000). Is CEO pay in high-technology firms related to innovation? Academy of Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556340
Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S
Bass, B. M. (2002). Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Transformational leadership, organizational culture. International Journal of Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699408524907
Baumeister, H. (2002). Customer Relationship Management for SME ’ s. In Conference Proceedings of the eBusiness and eWork Conference E2002.
Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2004). Personality and Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.901
Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Self-concordance at work: Toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leaders. Academy of Management Journal, 46: 554-571.
Cameron, K. (2012). Responsible leadership as virtuous leadership. In Responsible Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1023-6
Carroll, B., & Levy, L. (2008). Defaulting to management: Leadership defined by what it is not. Organization. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508407084486
Carter, S. M., & Greer, C. R. (2013). Strategic leadership: Values, styles, and organizational performance. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051812471724
Coelho, P., Zúquete, A., & Gomes, H. (2018). Federation of Attribute Providers for User Self-Sovereign Identity. Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management, 3(4), 32.
Commons, W. (2012). Main Industries by Region - Pakistan. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Main_Industries_by_Region_-_Pakistan.png
avidovitz, R., Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Izsak, R., & Popper, M. (2007). Leaders as Attachment Figures: Leaders’ Attachment Orientations Predict Leadership-Related Mental Representations and Followers’ Performance and Mental Health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.4.632
Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., & McKee, R. A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25 years of research and theory. Leadership Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.004
Dionne, S. D., Yammarino, F. J., Atwater, L. E., & Spangler, W. D. (2004). Transformational leadership and team performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410530601
Doody, O., & Doody, C. M. (2014). Transformational leadership in nursing practice. British Journal of Nursing. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2012.21.20.1212
Mehrabani, S. E., & Mohamad, N. A. (2015). New approach to leadership skills development (developing a model and measure). Journal of Management Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-03-2013-0046
Elmore, R. F. (2000). Building a new structure for school leadership. American Educator. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfecs.v28i1.52788
Ganzarain, J., & Errasti, N. (2016). Three stage maturity model in SME’s towards industry 4.0. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2073
García-Morales, V. J., Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M. M., & Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.03.005
Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C., Davis, K. M., & Dickens, M. P. (2011). Authentic leadership: A review of the literature and research agenda. Leadership Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.007
Gastil, J. (1994). A Definition and Illustration of Democratic Leadership. Human Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679404700805
Gilley, A., Gilley, J. W., & McMillan, H. S. (2009). Organizational change: Motivation, communication, and leadership effectiveness. Performance Improvement Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.20039
Greve, H. R. (2003). Organizational learning from performance feedback: A behavioral perspective on innovation and change. Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback: A Behavioral Perspective on Innovation and Change. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615139
Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.032
Hamdan, l. (2018). Quality Circle and its Roles in Industry and Services. Journal of Humanities Insights, 02(01), 21-5.
Hamidifar, F., & Ebrahimi, M. (2016). Academic Leadership in a Private University: An Iranian Case Study. International Education Studies. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n5p193
Hansen, G. and Wernerfelt, B. (1989). "Determinants of firm performance: The relative importance of economic and organisational factors." Strategic Management Journal. 10(September-October): 399-411
Heifetz, R. A., & Laurie, D. L. (1997). The work of leadership. Harvard Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2009.5235495
Horney, N., Pasmore, B., & O’Shea, T. (2010). Leadership Agility: A Business Imperative for a VUCA World. People & Strategy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.07.001
Ilsever, J., & Ilesever, O. (2016). DOES TRANSFORMATION LEADERSHIP PROMOTE INNOVATION PRACTICES IN E-COMMERCE. Business Studies Journal.
Judge, T. A., & Piccol, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.246
Kelidbari, H. R. R., Fadaei, M., & Ebrahimi, P. (2016). The Role of Ethical Leadership on Employee Performance in Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.058
Khan, R., Rehman A.U., & Yousuf, I. (2009). Influence of transformational leadership on employees performance: a pakistani perspective. International Journal of Accounting Information Science and Leadership, 2(3): 53-60.
Kim, H., & Kim, T. (2017). Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership: A Review of Empirical Studies. Human Resource Development Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484317729262
Lale, G., & Arzu, I. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research.
Lim, B. C. & Ployhart, R. E. (2004). Transformational leadership: Relations to the five-factor model and team performance in typical and maximum contexts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 610-621.
Lindgren, P. (2012). Business Model Innovation Leadership: How Do SME’s Strategically Lead Business Model Innovation? International Journal of Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n14p53
Mehrabani, S. E., & Mohamad, N. A. (2015). New approach to leadership skills development (developing a model and measure). Journal of Management Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-03-2013-0046
Muhammad, K. (2018). The Effects of Electronic Human Resource Management on Financial Institutes. Journal of Humanities Insights, 02(01), 01-5.
Muyambiri, B., & Chabaefe, N. N. (2018). The Finance–Growth Nexus in Botswana: A Multivariate Causal Linkage. Dutch Journal of Finance and Management, 2(2), 03.
Novicevic, M. M., Harvey, M. G., Ronald, M., & Brown-Radford, J. A. (2007). Authentic Leadership: A Historical Perspective. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130010901
Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2000). Leadership style, organizational culture and performance: Empirical evidence from UK companies. International Journal of Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190050075114
Orabi, T. G. A. (2016). The Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Human Resource Studies. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v6i2.9427
Ostroff, C. & Bowen, D.E. (2000). Moving HR to a Higher Level. In K.J. Klein and S.W. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel Theory, Research and Methods in Organizations pp: 211-266. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Paarlberg, L. E., & Lavigna, B. (2010). Transformational leadership and public service motivation: Driving individual and organizational performance. Public Administration Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02199.x
Porter, M. E. (2006). The Structure within Industries and Companies’ Performance. The Review of Economics and Statistics. https://doi.org/10.2307/1924589
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2019-08-31
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Ben Saad, G., & Abbas, M. (2019). La influencia del liderazgo transformacional en la eficacia de la organización y el liderazgo: un estudio de caso empírico de Pakistán. Amazonia Investiga, 8(21), 117–129. Recuperado a partir de https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/53
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