Asia Pivot: Repercusiones estratégicas para Pakistán
Palabras clave:
Asia Pivot, relaciones interestatales, cambios geopoliticos, politica global.Resumen
Uno de los debates importantes en la política global posterior al 11 de septiembre ha sido el creciente significado de la región de Asia-Pacífico. Las grandes potencias del mundo han entendido que el futuro de la atención mundial sería la región de Asia-Pacífico. Esto está en línea con los importantes logros militares, económicos, tecnológicos y diplomáticos de las regiones. Como resultado, Estados Unidos introdujo su famosa política conocida como "el pivote de Asia" que tiene serias implicaciones en la región en general y en Pakistán en particular. El artículo investiga la política de giro de Asia de EE. UU. Que ha cambiado el curso de la seguridad de la región. Esta política particular trajo cambios en las relaciones interestatales, mientras que para algunos resultó ser virtuosa y para otros trajo problemas. Pakistán, un país que ha mantenido durante mucho tiempo las relaciones fluidas con China y las relaciones basadas en la necesidad con los Estados Unidos, enfrentó serias oportunidades después de la llegada de esta política. Se mantuvo con escasas opciones y políticas para enfrentar los nuevos impedimentos. Este artículo se enfoca en los impedimentos y desafíos que Pakistán puede enfrentar debido a los cambios en el entorno geopolítico de la región. También trata de revelar los secretos de nuevas rupturas y parchear entre diferentes estados y aliados en un escenario tan arrollador de la región.
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Walt, S. M. (1988). Alliances, threats and uses of neorealism: The origins of Alliances. Jstor, 169-176.
Yu, H. (2017). Motivation behind China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’initiatives and establishment of the Asian infrastructure investment bank. Journal of Contemporary China, 26(105), 353-368.
Zhao, S. (2015). A New Model of Big Power Relations? China–US strategic rivalry and balance of power in the Asia–Pacific. Journal of Contemporary China, 24(93), 377-397.
Andrews, K. C. (2013). Explaining the US ‘Pivot’ to Asia . London: Chatham House.
Behm, A. (2016). The ‘Pivot’ A Twentieth Century Solution to a Twenty-First Century Problem?. Security Challenges, 12(3), 34-44.
Buckley, C. (2012, August 6). South China Sea tensions: China media tell U.S. to "shut up". Retrieved from Reuters.com: http://in.reuters.com/article/china-usa-southchinasea-idINDEE87504320120806
Christensen, T. J. (2015). The China challenge: Shaping the choices of a rising power. WW Norton & Company.
Cliff, R. M. (2007). Entering the Dragon's Lair: Chinese Antiaccess Strategies and Their Implications for the United States. RAND Corporation.
Cronin, P. M. (2012). Cooperation from Strength: The United States, China and the South China Sea. Center for a new American Security Washington DC .
Dian, M. (2013). Japan and the US Pivot to the Asia Pacific. London School of Economics and Political Science, Strategic Update 13.1, 1-16.
Farwa, U. (2017, Decemebr 20). Pakistan-Russia relations upward trajectory . Retrieved from Strategic Culture Foundation: https://www.strategic-culture.org/news/2017/12/20/pakistan-russia-relations-on-upward-trajectory.html
Fischer, D. (2017). By More Than Providence: Grand Strategy and American Power in the Asia Pacific Since 1783. International Issues & Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs, 26(1/2), 101-104.
Handel, M. I. (2016). Weak states in the international system. Routledge.
Hussain, K. (2018, January 20). What Russia's changing role in South Asia means for Pakistan . Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2018/01/what-russias-changing-role-in-south-asia-means-for-pakistan/
Jackson, R., & Sørensen, G. (2016). Introduction to international relations: theories and approaches. Oxford university press.
Jaspal, Z. N. (2017, December 21). Islamabad-Washington drift apart. Retrieved from Pakistan Observer: https://pakobserver.net/islamabad-washington-drift-apart/
Jaspal, Z. N. (2018, February 9). Resetting Defense Policy. Retrieved from Pakistan Observer: https://pakobserver.net/resetting-defence-policy/
Jung-Yeop, S. S. (2015). The US rebalance and the Seoul process. Council on Foreign Relations.
Kazianis, H. (2013, October 1). How China would fight US and win. The Diplomat: http://thediplomat.com/2013/10/how-china-would-fight-the-us-and-win/
McDonald, M. (2018). US hegemony, the ‘war on terror’ and security in the Asia-Pacific. In Critical Security in the Asia-Pacific. Manchester University Press.
Micheal S. Chase, B. S. (2012). Pivot and Parry: China’s Response to America’s New Defense Strategy. The Jamestown foundation:Global Research and Analysis.
Nathan, A. J. (2015). The Hundred-Year Marathon: China's Secret Strategy to Replace America as the Global Superpower/Fire on the Water: China, America, and the Future of the Pacific/The South China Sea: The Struggle for Power in Asia. Foreign Affairs, 94(1), 198-199.
Pant, H. V. (2016, September 14). Understanding the Strategic Logic behind the US-India Military Logistics Pact. Retrieved from The Diplomat: http://thediplomat.com/2016/09/understanding-the-strategic-logic-behind-the-us-india-military-logistics-pact/
Park, J.-K. (2012). The US Pivot to Asia and Asia’s Pivot to the US. Asia Pacific Bulletin, No 173, https://www.eastwestcenter.org/sites/default/files/private/apb173.pdf
Samad, Y. (2015). Understanding the insurgency in Balochistan. In State and Nation-Building in Pakistan (pp. 136-163). Routledge.
Saunders, 2013, the Rebalance to Asia: US-China Relations and Regional Security. In Strategic Forum (No. 281) National Defense University Press.
Savage, V. R. (2017). South China Sea: Regional Tensions, Domestic Implications. In The South China Sea Disputes: Flashpoints, Turning Points and Trajectories (pp. 475-483).
Sebok, F. (2014). The U.S. Pivot to Asia: A Tool to Contain China? Doctroal Disseration submitted to Masaryk University.
Shambaugh, D. (2013). Assessing the US “pivot” to Asia. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 7(2), 10-19.
Sheng, Z. (2012, April 6). Hold Mainstream of China-ASEAN relations. Retrieved from People's daily online: http://en.people.cn/90780/7779588.html
Shibusawa, M. (2018). Japan and the Asian Pacific region: profile of change. Routledge.
Stuart, W. T. (2015). The new US strategy towards Asia. Taylor and Francis.
Sutter, M. E. (2013). Sutter, R. G., Brown, M. E., Adamson, T. J., Mochizuki, M. M., & Ollapally, D. (2013). Balancing acts: The US rebalance and Asia-Pacific stability. Sigur Center for Asian Studies.
Teresita C, H. B. (2013, March 27). India and America, batting together in Asia. Retrieved from The Hindu: http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/india-and-america-batting-together-in-asia/article4551599.ece
Walt, S. M. (1988). Alliances, threats and uses of neorealism: The origins of Alliances. Jstor, 169-176.
Yu, H. (2017). Motivation behind China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’initiatives and establishment of the Asian infrastructure investment bank. Journal of Contemporary China, 26(105), 353-368.
Zhao, S. (2015). A New Model of Big Power Relations? China–US strategic rivalry and balance of power in the Asia–Pacific. Journal of Contemporary China, 24(93), 377-397.
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2018-12-27
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Malghani, Z., & Alamgir, A. (2018). Asia Pivot: Repercusiones estratégicas para Pakistán. Amazonia Investiga, 7(17), 272–284. Recuperado a partir de https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/355
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