Status obligations of a “flag state”: modern international legal regime of the slaves’ transportation suppression
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2022.49.01.6Palabras clave:
flag State, flag vessel, genuine link, vessels’ illegal use, suppression of slaves’ transportation.Resumen
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea prescribes that vessels have the nationality of the State whose flag they are entitled to fly and that there must exist “a genuine link” between a “flag State” (a State which entitles a vessel to fly its flag) and the “flag vessels” (the vessels which are entitled to fly the States’ flag). But the Convention has neither definition of the term “genuine link” as a legal link “legal rights – legal obligations”, nor defines States’ and vessels’ rights and obligations. We have analyzed status obligations of a “flag State” which are related to suppression of illegal use of the “flag vessels”. The purpose of our study was to investigate modern international legal regime of the slaves’ transportation by sea suppression and to prepare the legal field to defining the full complex of a “flag State” status obligations. The methodology includes systematic, formal-legal methods, the methods of analyses and synthesis. The results highlight that the status obligations of a “flag State”, inter alia, those to suppression the transportation of slaves as an illegal use of the “flag vessels”, are those to form an integral part of the “genuine link” conception.
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Beydoun, K. (2006). The Trafficking of Ethiopian Domestic Workers into Lebanon: Navigating Through a Novel Passage of the International Maid Trade. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 24(3), 37-48. Recovered from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2529246.
Buckland, W. (1908). The Roman Law of Slavery. The Condition of the Slave in Private Law from Augustus to Justinian. London: Cambridge University Press. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO978051170736; https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/roman-law-of-slavery/398FAC926E18FBDCDCCA3CA2DE201273.
Byers, M. (2004). Policing the High Seas: The Proliferation Security Initiative. American Journal of international Law, 98, 3, 1-38. Recovered from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/policing-the-high-seas-the-proliferation-security-initiative/D8CB938EF0AA97922BE1BEDCC5ADB833 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3181643.
Britannica (1885) General Act of The Berlin Conference on West Africa. Recovered from https://www.britannica.com/event/Berlin-West-Africa-Conference
Estiarte, C.V. (2013). Modern Slavery and Its Legal-Criminal Relevance. Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología, 3(10), 293-342. Recovered from http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/bibliuned:revistaDerechoPenalyCriminologia-2013-10-4035/Documento.pdf
Kojima, C. (2021). Modern Slavery and the Law of the Sea. The Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law, 9(1), 4-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340142; https://brill.com/view/journals/kjic/9/1/article-p4_2.xml
Martin, E. (1994). Oxford Dictionary of Law. Great Britain: Mackays Chatham.
Nordquist, M., Grandy, N., Nandan, S., & Rosenne, S. (1995). United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, A commentary - Volume III (Articles 86 to 132 and Documentary Annexes). Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Editors. Recovered from https://www.ecolex.org/fr/details/literature/united-nations-convention-on-the-law-of-the-sea-1982-a-commentary-volume-iii-articles-86-to-132-and-documentary-annexes-mon-056288
Osipov, P. (2009). By the very fact [“Ipso facto”]. Latin phraseology: Glossary.
Oxford University Press (1815) Declaration of The Eight Courts. Retrieved from https://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:oht/law-oht-63-CTS-473.regGroup.1/law-oht-63-CTS-473.
Oxford University Press (1890). General Act of the Brussels Conference Relating to the African Slave Trade Retrieved from https://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:oht/law-oht-173-CTS-293.regGroup.1/law-oht-173-CTS-293
Quirk, J. (2006). The Anti-Slavery Project: Linking the Historical and Contemporary. Human Rights Quarterly, 28(3), 1-18. Recovered from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072754.
Roncheta Souza, A.A., & Kneip Kratz, B. (2021). Human Trafficking in Latin America. GHRD. https://ghrd.org/human-trafficking-in-latin-america/
Sawyer, R. (1986). Slavery in the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Recovered from https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2548067M/Slavery_in_the_twentieth_century.
United Nations. (1953). Protocol amending the Slavery Convention signed at Geneva on 25 September 1926. Recovered from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ProtocolAmendingTheSlaveryConvention.aspx.
United Nations. (1957). The Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery. Recovered from http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/f3scas.htm.
United Nations. (1958). Convention on the High Seas. Recovered from https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/7b4abc-1/pdf/.
United Nations. (1982). United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982. Recovered from https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf.
University of Oregon (1921). Convention of Saint-German-En-Laye Revising the General Act of Berlin; The General Act and Declaration of Brussels Recovered from https://iea.uoregon.edu/treaty-text/4413
Watson, A. (1991). A Slave’s Marriage: Dowry or Deposit. In: The Journal of Legal History, 12(2), 1-15. Recovered from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01440369108531034.
Weissbrodt, D. (2002). Anti-Slavery International. Abolishing Slavery and its Contemporary (HR/PUB/02/4). United Nations. Recovered from https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/slaveryen.pdf.
Yegorova, L. (2005). International acts and Russian legislation on prohibition of slavery and slave trade. International public and private law, 6(27), 41 – 44.
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2022-02-11
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Kuznietsov, S. (2022). Status obligations of a “flag state”: modern international legal regime of the slaves’ transportation suppression. Amazonia Investiga, 11(49), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2022.49.01.6
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