Human rights protection in the context of combating terrorism: problems of finding the optimal balance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.45.09.7Palabras clave:
terrorism, terrorist activity, human rights, restriction of human rights, counteraction to terrorism.Resumen
The article examines the essence and nature of terrorism in the light of the problem of observance and protection of human rights, as well as analyzes the problems that arise in the implementation of anti-terrorist activities. Emphasis is placed on the fact that it is difficult to find a balance in the observance of human rights in the implementation of various anti-terrorist measures by law enforcement agencies and the investigation of crimes related to terrorist activities. It is concluded that the fight against terrorism and the protection of human rights are goals that cannot conflict with each other in a democratic society. They complement and mutually reinforce each other, so when taking measures to stop terrorist activities, states are obliged to adhere to key principles and norms of international law, as well as specific commitments made in connection with participation in international human rights agreements.
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Citas
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Laqueur, W. (1977). Terrorism. London: Michael Joseph, 251.
Lipkan, V. (2000). Terrorism and National Security of Ukraine: Monograph. ?.: Famous. 184.
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RFI (2015). Th? t?rr?rist attacks in Paris: th? r?acti?n ?f th? w?rld Recovered fr?m: https://www.rfi.fr/ru/frantsiya/20151114-terakty-v-parizhe-reaktsii-v-mire.
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Spirkin, A.G. (2001). Phil?s?phy. 2nd ?d. M?sc?w: Gardariki, 602.
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United Nations (2006). Report of the Secretary-General "Strengthening international cooperation and technical assistance in the field of prevention terrorism and countering it", 24 F?bruary. Recovered fr?m: https://www.unodc.org/pdf/terrorism/CF/ru/1ECN150612ru.pdf.
United Nations (2006). Unity in th? fight against t?rr?rism: r?c?mm?ndati?ns ?n a gl?bal c?unt?r-t?rr?rism strat?gy. S?cr?tary G?n?ral's r?p?rt (?/60/825). Recovered fr?m: https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/60/825
United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner (1966) Int?rnati?nal C?v?nant ?n Civil and P?litical Rights (1966). Recovered fr?m: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx.
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Wilkinson, P. (1987) Pathways Out of Terrorism for Democratic Societies, in P. Wilkinson and A. M. Stewart (eds.). Contemporary Research on Terrorism, Aberdeen University Press, Aberdeen, Scotland: Routledge Recovered fr?m: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315821979-6/pathways-terrorism-democratic-societies-paul-wilkinson
Zelinskaya, N.A. (2017). Conventional international legal concept of terrorism. The theory and practice of international criminal law. Odessa: Phoenix, 491-492.
Alexander, Y. (1979). Terrorism: Theory and practice. Boulder: Westview press, 280. Recovered fr?m: https://books.google.com.ua/books?hl=uk&lr=&id=nQWdDwAAQBAJ&oi =fnd&pg=PT11&dq=Alexander,+Y.+(1979).+Terrorism:+Theory+and+practice.&ots=PceT19ktf8&sig=WM7d4JKYLqHDhYHqSznHteMVi-I&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Antipenko, V. (2005). Fight against modern terrorism. International legal approaches: a monograph. ?.: YUNONA-?, 723.
Bell, J. (1978). A time of terror: how democratic societies respond to revolutionary violence. N.Y.: Basic Books, 292.
Bilyanska, V. (2013). Id??l?gy ?f t?rr?rism: th??r?tical principl?s, vari?ti?s and t?chn?l?gi?s ?f distributi?n. Ukrainian Scientific Journal "EDUCATION OF THE REGION", 1. Recovered fr?m: https://social-science.uu.edu.ua/article/1001.
Blynova, O., Popovych, I., Semenova, N., Kashyrina, Ye., Ursulenko, O., & Kononenko, O. (2020). Personality Factors of Choosing Adaptation Strategies in a Different Cultural Environment by Labor Migrants from Ukraine. Amazonia Investiga, 9(32), 45-54. DOI: 10.34069/AI/2020.32.08.5
Bonanate, L. (1979). Terrorism and International political analysis. Terrorism: an International Journal, 3(1-2), 47-67. Recovered fr?m: https://doi.org/10.1080/10576107908435444
Calli?pi, K. (2004). Sp?cific Human Rights Issu?s: N?w Pri?riti?s, in particular t?rr?rism and c?unt?r-t?rr?rism. Int?rnati?nal Law, N?. 3 (19), 15. Recovered from: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/526124.
Council of Europe (1950) C?nv?nti?n f?r th? Pr?t?cti?n ?f Human Rights and Fundam?ntal Fr??d?ms. Recovered fr?m: https://rm.coe.int/1680063765.
Crozier, B. (1974). Theory of Conflict. L.: Hamilton.
Drozdov, O. (2018). Guarantees from which not to deviate. Law and business. Recovered fr?m: https://zib.com.ua/ua/133342-prichetnist_do_terorizmu_ne_vipravdovue_porushen_konvencii.html.
Hoffman, B. (2003). Inside terrorism. M.: Ultra. Culture, 264. Recovered fr?m: https://libking.ru/books/nonf-/nonf-publicism/253490-bryus-hoffman-terrorizm-vzglyad-iznutri.html
Ireland v. The United Kingdom. 5310/71, Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, December 13, 1977. Recovered fr?m https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECHR,3ae6b7004.html.
Jacquard, R. (2002). In the Name of Osama Bin Laden: Global Terrorism and the Bin Laden Brotherhood. Duke University Press Books; Revised Edition (March 4), 293.
Jenkins, B. M. (1975). International Terrorism: A New Mode of Conflict. International Terrorism and World Security, Edit: David Carlton and Carlo Schaerf. London: Croom Helm, 37. Recovered fr?m: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/ 10.4324/9781315707648-10/international-terrorism-new-mode-conflict-brian-jenkins
Kalliopi, K. K. (1999). T?rr?rism and human rights: pr?liminary r?p?rt. ?/CN.4/Sub.2/1999/27. United Nations Digital Library. Recovered fr?m: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/275946?ln=en.
Kartashkin, V.A. (2003). Human rights and int?rnati?nal s?curity. Int?rnati?nal lawy?r. All-Russian j?urnal ?f int?rnati?nal law. M?sc?w, N?. 3, 46. Recovered fr?m: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prava-cheloveka-i-mezhdunarodnaya-bezopasnost.
Khl?bust?v, ?.M. & F?d?r?v, S.G. (2000). T?rr?rism: th? r?ality ?f t?day's stat?. M?d?rn t?rr?rism: stat? and pr?sp?cts. M?sc?w: ?dit?rial URSS, 91-92, 96.
Laqueur, W. (1977). Terrorism. London: Michael Joseph, 251.
Lipkan, V. (2000). Terrorism and National Security of Ukraine: Monograph. ?.: Famous. 184.
Mike, F., H?ath?r, G. ?t al. (2001). Main t?pic. P?rs?nal lif? in th? ?ra ?f t?rr?r: wh?n tracking d?wn t?rr?rists, th? s?curity s?rvic?s will spy ?n y?u t??. Pr?fil?, N?. 41, 41.
Moskalkova, T.N. ?t al. (1998). (?d.). C?ll?cti?n ?f C?uncil ?f ?ur?p? d?cum?nts ?n th? pr?t?cti?n ?f human rights and th? fight against crim?. M?sc?w: Spark Publishing H?us?, 37-38.
Newman, G.R. & Clarke, R.V. (2008). Policing terrorism: an executive’s guide. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, Center for Problem Oriented Policing, 134. Recovered fr?m: https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/policing-terrorism-executives-guide.
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2008) Human Rights, Terrorism and the Fight Against Terrorism. Fact Sheet No. 32. Geneva: Printed at United Nations, October, 106. Recovered fr?m: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/Factsheet32ru.pdf.
RBC.UA (2012). "T?ul?us? t?rr?rist" M?hamm?d M?ra was kill?d whil? trying t? ?scap? Recovered fr?m: https://daily.rbc.ua/rus/show/v-kantselyarii-sarkozi-podtverdili-smert-tuluzskogo-terrorista--22032012131400.
RFI (2015). Th? t?rr?rist attacks in Paris: th? r?acti?n ?f th? w?rld Recovered fr?m: https://www.rfi.fr/ru/frantsiya/20151114-terakty-v-parizhe-reaktsii-v-mire.
Shir?k?va, Y?. ?. (2014). M?d?rn w?rld tr?nds in d?m?cracy. S?cial t?chn?l?gi?s: curr?nt issu?s ?f th??ry and practic?, V?l. 61, 30-31.
Spirkin, A.G. (2001). Phil?s?phy. 2nd ?d. M?sc?w: Gardariki, 602.
Tymoshenko, V. I., Maksymov, S. I., Makarenko, L. O., Kravchenko?. S., & Kravchenko, S. S. (2021). Threats to human rights in a globalized world. Amazonia Investiga, 10(39), 9-15. Recovered fr?m: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.39.03.1
United Nations (1948). Univ?rsal D?clarati?n ?f Human Rights ?f D?c?mb?r 10. Recovered fr?m https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
United Nations (2006). Report of the Secretary-General "Strengthening international cooperation and technical assistance in the field of prevention terrorism and countering it", 24 F?bruary. Recovered fr?m: https://www.unodc.org/pdf/terrorism/CF/ru/1ECN150612ru.pdf.
United Nations (2006). Unity in th? fight against t?rr?rism: r?c?mm?ndati?ns ?n a gl?bal c?unt?r-t?rr?rism strat?gy. S?cr?tary G?n?ral's r?p?rt (?/60/825). Recovered fr?m: https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/60/825
United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner (1966) Int?rnati?nal C?v?nant ?n Civil and P?litical Rights (1966). Recovered fr?m: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx.
V?l?kh, ?. (2014). Lib?rty, saf?ty, and B?njamin Franklin. The Washington Post. N?v?mb?r 11. Recovered fr?m: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/11/11/liberty-safety-and-benjamin-franklin/
Wilkinson, P. (1987) Pathways Out of Terrorism for Democratic Societies, in P. Wilkinson and A. M. Stewart (eds.). Contemporary Research on Terrorism, Aberdeen University Press, Aberdeen, Scotland: Routledge Recovered fr?m: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315821979-6/pathways-terrorism-democratic-societies-paul-wilkinson
Zelinskaya, N.A. (2017). Conventional international legal concept of terrorism. The theory and practice of international criminal law. Odessa: Phoenix, 491-492.
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Publicado
2021-10-29
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Vоlоshchuk О., Kоlеsnyk V., Shevchuk, A., Yushchyk, O., & Krainii, P. (2021). Human rights protection in the context of combating terrorism: problems of finding the optimal balance. Amazonia Investiga, 10(45), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.45.09.7
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