The criminal responsibility for defamation of knowingly innocent
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.44.08.23Palabras clave:
accused, defamation, false accusation, knowingly innocent, perjury of the suspect / accused, right to protection, suspect.Resumen
The scientific article analyzes the acute discussion in law enforcement practice and procedural science of the problem of the possibility of criminal prosecution of a suspect, accused of defaming a knowingly innocent person in the commission of a crime. The theoretical basis of the article are scientific works on criminal law and criminal procedural law (both domestic researchers and foreign experts). A set of general scientific, special scientific and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge has been used while preparing the scientific article, in particular dialectical, historical, comparative, dogmatic (formal-logical), system-structural analysis, modeling. It is substantiated in the article that the behavior of the suspect, accused, which is manifested in slandering of a knowingly innocent person, does not constitute the right to freedom from self-disclosure. It is also proved that both freedom from self-disclosure and the right to defense in criminal proceedings must have certain limits, in particular, it is rights and interests of other subjects protected by criminal law. We stated that the suspect or accused should be liable for misleading the court and pre-trial investigation bodies even if such deception was used to protect against the suspicion (or accusation), to avoid criminal liability.
Descargas
Citas
Adamenko, V. D. (2004). Protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of the accused. Kemerovo, Russia: Kemerovo Book Publishing House.
American Bar Association. ABA. (1983). Model Rules of Professional Conduct. Retrieved from https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/
Bahautdinov, F. N. (2004). Providing of public and personal interests within the investigation of crimes. Moskov, Russia: Yurlitinform. Retrieved from http://lawlibrary.ru/izdanie49521.html
Brandstetter v. Austria, ECHR, August 28, 1991. Retrieved from https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Research_report_prosecutor_RUS.pdf
Dikarov, I. S. (2010). Legitimate interests of the accused. State and law, 8, 57-61. Retrieved from http://naukarus.com/zakonnye-interesy-obvinyaemogo-v-ugolovnom-protsesse
Draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine. EUAM Ukraine, July 25, 2021. Retrieved on March 29, 2021 from https://newcriminalcode.org.ua/criminal-code
Kalinichenko, Yu. V. (2015). Some questions of the subject of knowingly false reporting of a crime. Law Forum, 2, 75-82. Retrieved from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:G2DoHm06768J:nbuv.gov.ua/j-pdf/FP_index.htm_2015_2_14.pdf+&cd=1&hl=uk&ct=clnk&gl=ua
Kashapov, R. M. (2015). Knowingly false denunciation and defamation of a knowingly innocent person: concept, responsibility, consequences. Legal science and law enforcement practice, 2(32), 54-60. Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zavedomo-lozhnyy-donos-i-ogovor-zavedomo-nevinovnogo-ponyatie-otvetstvennost-posledstviya/viewer
Kornukov, V. M. (2018). The defendant witness: who needs and why? Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2, 169-175. Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/svidetelstvuyuschiy-obvinyaemyy-komu-i-zachem-on-nuzhen/viewer
Kuchynska, S. P. & Yavorskyi B. I. (2011). The right of the accused to false testimony as an element of favor defensionis. Lawyer, 2, 18-25. Retrieved from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/adv_2011_2_2
Law No. 787-IQ. Criminal Code, Azerbaijan Republic. December 30, 1999. Retrieved from http://continent-online.com/Document/?doc_id=30420353&doc_id2=30420353#pos=425;-88&pos2=3476;-100
Law of Estonia No. L-60500 Criminal Code. Riigi Teataja I (State Gazette), 61, 364, June 6, 2001. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/6462/file/Estonia_CC_as_of_2002_ru.pdf
Law of Georgia No. 2287 Criminal Code. Legislative Herald of Georgia-ZVG, 41 (48), August 13, 1999. Retrieved from https://matsne.gov.ge/ru/document/view/16426?publication=229
Law of Germany No. L-51220 Criminal Code. Federal Law Gazette I p. 3322, November 13, 1998. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/6115/file/Germany_CC_am2013_en.pdf
Law of Hungary No. Act C Criminal Code. 2012. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/5619/file/HUngary_Criminal_Code_of_2012_en.pdf
Law of Korea No. 293 Criminal Code. 1953. Retrieved from https://vseokoree.com/vse-o-koree/zakony-i-normativnye-pravovye-akty/ugolovnyj-kodeks-respubliki-koreya
Law of Latvia No. L-56383. Criminal Law. June 17, 1998, Zinotajs, 1998-08-04, No. 15, pp. 92-165. Retrieved from https://lawyer-khroulev.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ugolovnij-zakon-latvii.pdf
Law of Sweden No. SFS 1962:700 Criminal Code. 1962. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8662/file/Sweden_criminal_code_am2020_en.pdf
Law of Switzerland No. RS 311.0 Criminal Code. December 21, 1937. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8991/file/SWITZ_Criminal%20Code_as%20of%202020-07-01.pdf
Law of the Kingdom of Denmark No. 909. Criminal Code. September 27, 2005. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/6372/file/Denmark_Criminal_Code_am2005_en.pdf
Law of the Kingdom of Spain No. 10-1995. Criminal Code. Official State Gazette, No. 281, November 24, 1995. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/6443/file/Spain_CC_am2013_en.pdf
Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 19. Criminal Code. February 2, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8264/file/Kyrgyzstan_CC_2016_am2019_ru.pdf
Law of the Principality of Liechtenstein No. 1988-037 Criminal Code. Liechtenstein National Legal Gazette, 2011, ? 184, issued May 17, 2011. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8268/file/Liechtenstein_Criminal_Code_1987_am2017_pdf
Law of the Republic of Armenia No. ??-528 Criminal Code. April 29, 2003. Retrieved from http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=1349&lang=rus#31
Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 285-3. Criminal Code. National register of legal acts of the Republic of Belarus, 1999, No. 55, 2/847. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8314/file/Belarus_CC_1999_am2019_ru.pdf
Law of the Republic of Croatia No. 71-05-03/1-11-2. Criminal Code. Zagreb, October 26, 2011. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7896/file/Croatia_Criminal_Code_2011_en.pdf
Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 226-V ???. Criminal Code. July 3, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8973/file/Kazakhstan_Criminal%20Code%20%20%E2%84%96%20226-V%20_as%20of%20Dec%202020_ru.pdf
Law of the Republic of Moldova No. 985. Criminal Code. Monitorul Oficial, No. 41-44, 2002. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8276/file/Moldova_CC_2002_am2018_ru.pdf
Law of the Republic of Poland No. 88.553. Penal Code. June 6, 1997. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7354/file/Poland_CC_1997_en.pdf
Law of the Republic of Slovenia No KZ-1. Criminal Code. November 1, 2008. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/3773/file/Slovenia_CC_2008_en.pdf
Law of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 684. Criminal Code. November 11, 1998. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8920/file/Tajikistan_CC_1998_am2020_ru.pdf
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 2012-XII. Criminal Code. Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1994, ? 1. Retrieved from https://lex.uz/ru/m/acts/111457
Law No. 63-F3. Criminal Code. June 13, 1996. Retrieved from http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/
Law of the Slovak Republic No. 300-2005. Criminal Code. May 20, 2005. Retrieved from https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/3763/file/Slovakia_CC_2005_en.pdf
Law No. 254k/96-VR. The Constitution of Ukraine. Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, 1996. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text
Law No. 2341-III. Criminal Code of Ukraine. Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2001. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14#Text
Law No. 4651-VI. The Criminal Procedural Code. Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2013. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17#Text
Law No. 7-5. Model Criminal Procedural Code for CIS member states. February 17, 1996. Retrieved from https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901781490?section=text
Law No. 994_343. General Code of Rules for Lawyers of the States of the European Community, Strasburg, France, October, 1988. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_343#Text
Law No. 772 United States Code. H. R. 3190, June 25, 1948. Retrieved from https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml;jsessionid=33B1BE8BC7C72680CB9C8C8781B8AC99?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title18&saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUxOC1zZWN0aW9uMjA3
MQ%3D%3D%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim&edition=prelim
Neznamov case, No. 1-?97-16 Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (1997). Retrieved from http://www.supcourt.ru/files/11571/
Nix v. Whiteside, 84-1321, Alderson Reporting Company, Inc, Washington, D. C., U.S. 59, 1986. Retrieved from https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/1985/84-1321_11-05-1985.pdf
Simonov case dated April 11, 1990. Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the USSR, 8, 17, 1991. Retrieved from http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10633/
Smith, N.M., Morgan, R. M. & Lagnado D.A. (2018). A systematic analysis of misleading evidence in unsafe rulings in England and Wales. Science and Justice, 58, 128-137. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030617301144
Smolkova, I. V. (2016). Whether the accused is criminally liable for defamation of a knowingly innocent person? Bulletin of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 3. Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dolzhen-li-obvinyaemyy-nesti-ugolovnuyu-otvetstvennost-za-ogovor-zavedomo-nevinovnogo-litsa
Smolyn, S. V. (2012). Liability for knowingly false denunciation (dissertation for a scientific degree legal science candidate), Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, Moskov, Russia: Retrieved from https://static.freereferats.ru/_avtoreferats/01005434636.pdf
Zheleva, O. V. (2019). Conviction of a knowingly innocent person by the accused as a way to abuse the subjective right. Russian Journal of Criminal Law, 13, 70-74. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/757f/e79488e5c85bac578555a370455efa5bcfac.pdf