Intelligibility of a criminal law: Theoretical and practical aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.44.08.9Palabras clave:
legal certainty, intelligibility of law, intelligibility of a criminal law, clear law, precise law, simple law.Resumen
The main task of the article is to study a separate qualitative property criminal law its intelligibility. When solving the problem the definition of intelligibility of the criminal law taking into account genesis is formulated this concept and different approaches to its content, which have developed in modern law doctrine. In order to substantiate the author's approach to the definition of intelligibility of the criminal law the monitoring of normative-legal acts, decisions of national and international judicial authorities is carried out.
It is shown that the term ‘intelligibility of law’ and related terms ‘clear’, ‘precise’, ‘simple’ law are actively used both in regulations and in decisions of national and international judicial authorities. However, the terminology is diverse, thereby it has been suggested in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights to use the term ‘intelligibility’of the law, which is the most accurate and adequately reflects the assessment of the legal certainty of national laws.
The general conclusion is substantiated that in modern doctrine there are three approaches to determining the legal nature of the intelligibility of the law: as a component of the rule of law, as a requirement for the language of law, as a qualitative property of law. The absence of antagonistic features in each of the approaches allowed to use the positive gains of different perceptions of the intelligibility of the criminal law and to define it.
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Shargorodskii, M.D. (1948). Criminal Law Course. ch. 3. Moscow: Jurid. publishing house of the Ministry of Justice of the USSR, vol. 3.
Sitnikova, A.I. (2016).Criminal law textology: monograph. Moscow: Prospect.
Vekker, L.M. (1998). Psyche and reality: a unified theory of mental processes. Moscow: Smysl.
Venice. (2011). Report on the rule of law - Adopted by the Venice Commission at its 86th plenary session, 25-26 March Recovered from: https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2011)003rev-e .
Zaginej, Z.A. (2015). Criminal-legal hermeneutics: monograph. Kyiv: ArtEk Publishing House.
Beccaria, Ch. (2004). On crimes and punishments, ed. V.S. Ovchinsky. Issue V?. Moscow: INFRA.
Borisova, T.I. (2012). The Legitimacy of the Bolshevik Order, 1917-1918: Language Usage in Revolutionary Russian Law. Review of central and east european law, 37(4), pp. 395-419. DOI: 10.1163 / 092598812X13274154887024
Boyd, J.P. (2015). Legislative Intelligibility and the Rule of Law. Justice Issues, 16. Recovered from: http://www.slaw.ca/2015/01/16/legislative-intelligibility-and-the-rule-of-law/.
Caussignac, G. (2005). Clear Legislation. Canada's system of justice. Recovered from: https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/ilp-pji/cl-lc/index.html.
Code of Ukraine 4651-VI, Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Verjovna Rada de Ucrania, 2012. Recovered from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17#Text
Constitutional Tribunal of Poland. A constitutional complaint to review the compliance of Art. 115 § 21 of the Act of June 6, 1997 - Penal Code under Art. 31 sec. 3 in connection with Art. 41 sec. 1 and art. 2 and art. 42 sec. 1 of the Polish Constitution, 2015. Recovered from: https://trybunal.gov.pl/s/sk-4713 .
Constitutional Tribunal of Poland. Sanction for failure by the owner or holder of the vehicle to indicate who he entrusted the vehicle to drive or use at the time when the recording equipment revealed an offense committed by the driver of the vehicle. Entity initiating the proceedings: the Public Prosecutor General. Recovered from: https://trybunal.gov.pl/s/k-313
Council of the European Union (2019). European Union instruments in the field of criminal law and related texts. Recovered from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/41918/eu-instruments-in-the-field-of-criminal-law-and-related-texts_december-2019.pdf
Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, Ministry of Justice of the Kyrguise Republic de fecha 2 de febrero de 2017. Recovered from: http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/111527.
Criminal Code of Ukraine (draft). About the criminal code of Ukraine, New Penal Code, 02.01.2021. Recovered from: https://newcriminalcode.org.ua/upload/media/2021/01/04/kontrolnyj-proekt-kk-02-01-2021.pdf
Dorothy G. SK 13/05, Polish Constitution, for a declaration of non-compliance with art. 56 of the Law of September 10, 1999 - Fiscal Penal Code by virtue of art. 42 in relation to art. 2 of the Polish Constitution, 2015. Recovered from: https://trybunal.gov.pl/sprawy-w-trybunale/art/2013-deklaracje-podatkowe
Dudash, T.I. (2010). Legal understanding through the prism of hermeneutics. Lviv: Krai.
Dudchenko, V.V. (2014). Hermeneutics of law: the development of jurisprudence. Odessa: Phenix.
Ermakoff, I. (2020). Law against the Rule of Law: Assaulting Democracy. Journal of law and society, 47(S1), pp. 164-186. DOI: 10.1111/jols.12253
Iering, R. V. (2008). Legal Technique. ed. A.V. Polyakov. Moscow: Statut.
Inclusion Europe. (2009). European standards for making information easy to read and understand. Recovered from: http://inclusion-europe.org/images/stories/documents/Project_Pathways1/Information_for_all.pdf
Kolmakova, V.V. (2009). The problem of interaction between legal and natural language. Legal Science and Teaching Methodology legal disciplines in the context of reforming the higher education system: a collection of scientific articles based on materials III International scientific-practical conference 10-11October 2008. Rostov on Don. Pp. 447-449.
Kophanov, L.L. (2008). Digests of Justinian. Moscow: Statut.
Kozachenko, O. V. and Musychenko, O.M. (2015). Cultural and anthropological dimension of justice of criminal legal influence: world achievements and national achievements. humanitarian discourse: politics, governance, power: collective monograph, by general editing O. A. Ivakin, I.V. Shamsh?, D.V. Yakovlev. Odessa: Publishing House “Helvetika”.
Kozachenko, O. V., Vasyliaka, O. K., Chornozub, L. V., & Musychenko, O. M. (2020). Taxonomy of compulsory and incentive legal consequences (legal measures) of committing illegal acts. Cuestiones Políticas, 38(67), 151-168. Recovered from: https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/cuestiones/article/view/34688
Kozachenko, O., Sotula, O., Biblenko, V., Giulyakov, K., & Bereznikov, O. (2021). El sustrato de la influencia penal-legal. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(68), 441-462. Recovered from: https://www.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php
/cuestiones/article/view/35427/37787
Law 274. Plain Writing Act. 111th Congress Public plain, 13 October, 2010. Recovered from: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-111publ274/html/PLAW-111publ274.htm
Law of Ukraine 3477-IV. On Enforcement of Judgments and Application of the Case Law of the European. Court of Human Rights, 23 February 2006 Available ?t: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3477-15.
Montesquieu, Sh. (1956). Selected Works. Moscow : Gospolitizdat.
Mor, T. (1935). A golden book, as useful as it is funny, about the best statehood and the new island of Utopia. Moskov-Leningrad: Academia.
Musychenko, O.M. (2020). Intelligibility of criminal law (Dissertation PhD). Universidad Nacional "Odessa Law Academy", Odessa. Recovered from: http://dspace.onua.edu.ua/handle/11300/13861
Novik v. Ukraine, Baranowski v. Poland, Khudoyorov v. Russia, SW v. The United Kingdom, Kokkinakis v. Greece, Ruban v. Ukraine, Mueller and others v. Switzerland, Salov v. Ukraine, Pasko v. Russia. European Court of Human Rights-Hudoc, database. Recovered from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22]}
Order 12866. Regulatory Planning and Review, Federal register presidential documents. Vol. 58, No. 190. Executive of September 30, 1993. Recovered from: https://www.archives.gov/files/federal-register/executive-orders/pdf/12866.pdf .
Order 13563. Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review. Federal Register, 76(14), Executive of January 18, 2011. Recovered from: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2011-01-21/pdf/2011-1385.pdf .
Ovchinnikov, A.I. (2002). Legal thinking in the hermeneutic paradigm: monograph. Rostov-on-Don: Rostov State Institute.
Ovsienko, L. (2013). Text as an object of study of psycholinguistics. Theoretical and didactic philology, No. 15. Pp.58-69.
Plain language (2011). Federal plain language guidelines. Recovered from: https://www.plainlanguage.gov/media/FederalPLGuidelines.pdf.
Pogrebnyak, S.P. (2009). Fundamental principles of law. Dissertation. Kharkiv: Nat. jurid. acad. of Ukraine named after Yaroslav Mudry.
Public procurement. (2013). Entity initiating the proceedings: A group of deputies to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland. Available ?t: https://trybunal.gov.pl/sprawy-w-trybunale/art/2013-zamowienia-publiczne
Pycheva, O.V. (2006). Hermeneutics of criminal law: dissertation. Ulyanovsk: Ulyanov. State University.
Real Decreto BOE-A-1889-4763. Código Civil. Texto consolidado. «Madrid Gazette» num. 206, de 25/07/1889. Recovered from: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1889-4763 .
Resolution No. 2001-455 DC. Remission of 60 deputies of January 12, 2002. Recovered from: https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/les-decisions/decision-n-2001-455-dc-du-12-janvier-2002-saisine-par-60-deputes.
Romanov, A.K. (2015). Criminal law. Moscow: Delo.
Savigny, F.K. (2011). The system of modern Roman law, ed. O. Kutateladze and V. Zubar. Moscow: Statut.
Sentencia No. 1-r. Judgment of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case of the constitutional petition of 59 deputies of Ukraine on compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of Article 368-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, February 26, 2019. Recovered from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v001p710-19#n2 .
Sentencia No. 2-r. Judgment of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case on the constitutional petition of 49 people of Deputies of Ukraine on the compliance of the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) with paragraph 7 of part two of Article 42 of the Law of Ukraine ‘On Higher education’, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, December 20, 2017 Recovered from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v002p710-17#Text .
Sentencia No. 7-r. Judgment of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case of the constitutional petition of 55 deputies of Ukraine on compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, June 1, 2020. Recovered from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v007p710-20#n2 .
Seryogin, S.V. (2014). The rule of law in Ukraine: problems of understanding and application: monograph. Dnipropetrovsk: Grani Publishing House.
Shargorodskii, M.D. (1948). Criminal Law Course. ch. 3. Moscow: Jurid. publishing house of the Ministry of Justice of the USSR, vol. 3.
Sitnikova, A.I. (2016).Criminal law textology: monograph. Moscow: Prospect.
Vekker, L.M. (1998). Psyche and reality: a unified theory of mental processes. Moscow: Smysl.
Venice. (2011). Report on the rule of law - Adopted by the Venice Commission at its 86th plenary session, 25-26 March Recovered from: https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2011)003rev-e .
Zaginej, Z.A. (2015). Criminal-legal hermeneutics: monograph. Kyiv: ArtEk Publishing House.
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2021-09-29
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Musychenko, O., Streltsov, Y., Kozachenko, O., Vasyliaka, O., & Chornozub, L. (2021). Intelligibility of a criminal law: Theoretical and practical aspects. Amazonia Investiga, 10(44), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.44.08.9
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