Habilidades para hablar en público en el espacio educativo: tradiciones rusas y el enfoque americanizado
Palabras clave:
Métodos de enseñanza retórica, discurso oral en educación, discurso público, retórica, tradiciones retóricas rusas y americanas, comportamiento del hablaResumen
Este artículo está dedicado a la búsqueda de nuevos enfoques para enseñar retórica y habilidades para hablar en público en el sistema de educación superior rusa. La relevancia de este tema está asociada con la falta de competencias retóricas entre los jóvenes rusos modernos. A pesar de la presencia de algunas escuelas retóricas autorizadas en la ciencia rusa moderna y una base teórica y aplicada profunda, los libros de texto y manuales existentes sobre retórica y oratoria están en gran parte desactualizados. Es necesario introducir algunos otros métodos de enseñanza que se centren más en la práctica. Las habilidades para hablar en público se subestiman en el espacio de información y comunicación de la sociedad rusa, así como en el sistema educativo ruso. Al mismo tiempo, existe la necesidad de algunas herramientas retóricas adecuadas para formar el futuro especialista de cualquier profesión en la actualidad. Deben usarse teniendo en cuenta todas las realidades de la comunicación de masas moderna. Este artículo proporciona un análisis comparativo de la retórica en Rusia y América. Existen diferencias significativas en los enfoques de la educación retórica debido a las raíces culturales, históricas y políticas en estos países, por un lado, y la mentalidad específica de los pueblos de Rusia y América, por el otro. Los resultados de este trabajo incluyen una lista de razones internas y externas para la calidad insatisfactoria de la educación retórica en la Rusia moderna y sugerencias para mejorar la situación. El análisis de las habilidades para hablar en público presentado en este documento puede ser extremadamente útil para todos los profesionales involucrados en la enseñanza de la retórica y la comunicación de masas en diferentes países del mundo.
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Vagapova, D.K. (2014). Rhetoric in intellectual games and trainings. Moscow: Phoenix, Citadel Trade, 464.
Volkov, A.A. (2005). Basics of rhetoric: a study guide for universities. Moscow: Academic Project, 304.
Weber, M. (2002).The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, 3rd ed. Roxbury Publishing Company, Los Angeles California, 266.
Zaretskaya, E.N. (2007). The logic of speech. M.: Delo, 424.
Zharinova, T. (2005). Is rhetoric needed by modern society?. Retrieved from: http://zhurnal.lib.ru/z/zhurawlew_s_w/ritor.shtml
Anderson, C. (2016). Ted talks: the official ted guide to public speaking. Headline Publishing Group, London. 288.
Annushkin, V.I. (2008). The art of thinking and speaking. Rhetoric and culture of speech. Retrieved from: https://www.pravmir.ru/iskusstvo-myslit-i-govorit-ritorika-i-kultura-rechi/
Barrett A.W. (2004). You, the people: American national identity in presidential rhetorics. Perspectives on Politics, 2 (3), 588-589.
Bradshaw Jonathan L. (2018). Slow Circulation: The Ethics of Speed and Rhetorical Persistence, Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 479-498.
Burke Kenneth. (1966). Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: University of California Press, 514.
Carnegie Dale Breckenridge (2003). Public Speaking and Influencing Men in Business
Chernyak, V.D. (2013). Rhetoric: A textbook for bachelors. M.: Yurayt Publishing House, 430.
Chistyakova, I.Y. (2009). Russian deliberative rhetoric and classical rhetoric. Humanitarian studies, 3, 90 - 96.
Christensen Christensen and Bonniejean (1967). Notes Toward a New Rhetoric: Nine Essays for Teachers. New York: Harper & Row, 110.
Connors, R.J. (1997). Composition-Rhetoric: Backgrounds, Theory, and Pedagogy (Composition, Literacy, and Culture). University of Pittsburgh Press. 384.
Corbett Edward P.J. and Connors Robert J. (1999). Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, USA, 578.
Daley, K., Daley-Caravella, L. (2003). Talk Your Way to the Top: How to Address Any Audience Like Your Career Depends On It, 211.
Dancygier B. (2017). The Cambridge handbook of cognitive linguists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 840.
Fomina, Z.Ye., Kozlova, V.V. (2018). Language education in technical higher institutions (on the example of the additional specialization «translator in the sphere of professional communication»: experience a prospects. Scientific Journal Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches, 1 (20), 74-89.
Foss, S.K. (2004). Rhetorical Criticism.Exploration and Practice. Waveland Press, 472.
Gallo, C. (2014). Talk Like TED: The 9 Public-Speaking Secrets of the World's Top Minds. St. Martin's Press, 288.
Genard, G. (2016). How to Give A Speech: Easy-To-Learn Skills for Successful Presentations, Speeches, Pitches, Lectures, and More! Cedar & Maitland Press; 2nd ed., 222.
Golub, I.B., Neklyudov V.D. (2014). Russian rhetoric and culture of speech: study guide. M .: Logos, 328.
Gracheva, L.V. (2003). Training of inner freedom. Actualization of creative potential. SPb.: Rech., 60.
Gries, L. (2015). Still Life with Rhetoric: A New Materialist Approach for Visual Rhetorics. Utah State University Press. 352.
Hamilton, ?., Parker, ?. (1997). Communicating for Result: A Guide for Business and the Professions. 5th ed. Wadsworth Publ. Company, 496.
Helweg, R. (2013). How to Deliver a Great Speech that Will Change Minds and Influence People: Tips, Tricks & Expert Advice for Effective Public Speaking. Atlantic Publishing Group Inc., 288.
Hughes, R. (2017). Teaching and researching speaking. Third edition. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 243.
Ivin, A.A. (2002). Rhetoric: the art of persuading. Tutorial. M.: Fair-press, 304.
Kernell, S. (2006). Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership. CQ Press, 256.
Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 340.
Kireichuk, E. (2017). On teaching rhetoric, using the play stuff happens. Footpath,10, 89-96.
Kirp S. D. (2016). Public Speaking. Analysis of foreign experience. Scientific and methodical electronic journal "Concept". Retrieved from: http://e-koncept.ru/2016/76124.htm.
Koreneva A. (2008). Education for public presentations by non-philology students, Higher education in Russia, 1, 101-105.
Ladyzhenskaya, T. A. (1986). The living word: Oral speech as a means and subject of study. M.: Enlightenment, 127.
Lakoff, G. (2004). Don't Think Of An Elephant! Know Your Values and Frame the Debate: The Essential Guide for Progressives. Chelsea Green Publishing, 144.
Lauer, J.M. (2003). PenderKelly. Invention in Rhetoric and Composition. Reference Guides to Rhetoric and Composition. Parlor Press, 276.
McCroskey, J.C. (2016). Introduction to rhetorical communication: a western rhetorical perspective. 9th ed. Routledge, London, 352.
McKinnon, S.L., Asen, R., Chavez, K.R., Howard, R.G. (2016). Text + field: innovations in the rhetorical method. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 240.
Mikhalskaya, A.K. (2002). Fundamentals of rhetoric 10-11 class. institutions. M.: Drofa, 496.
Osipova, S.I., Prikhodko, O.V. (2015). Pedagogical conditions for the development of students' speech culture in the educational space of a technical college. Pedagogical sciences, 2, 5196- 5201.
Pease, A. (1988). Body language.How to read others thoughts by their gestures. Shelton Press, London, 148.
Political rhetoric in modern Russia (2014). Conversation with Oksana Grunchenko. Retrieved from: http://www.polit.ru/analytics/2004/09/22/ritor.html
Potapenko, S. (2016). Cognitive rhetoric of effect: energy flow as a means of persuasion in inaugurals. Topics in Linguistics, 17(2), 12–25.
Rozhestvensky Y.V. (2015). Theory of rhetoric: textbook. M.: Flint; Science, 544.
Schukina, D.A., Egorenkova, N.A. (2017). The Experience of Rhetoric by I.S. Rizhsky (1796) and the Continuity of Teaching Rhetoric at the Mining University. Rhetoric and culture of speech in the modern scientific and pedagogical process and social and communicative practice. Collection of materials of the XXI International Scientific Conference on Rhetoric, 558-565.
Sharipova, A.A., Sharipova, A.Y., Danilova, O.L. (2016). Rhetorical skills in the system of professional competencies of the economist. The problem of the development of technology, economics and society. M-lyI International Scientific Practical Conference. Leninogorsk, 112-114
Soper P.L. (1995). The basics of the art of speech. M.: Publishing Agency Yachtsman, 416.
Salnikova, N.V. (2009). The rhetorical tradition of the United States and Russia. The linguistic paradigm: theoretical and applied aspects, 13, 138-143.
Sternin, I.A. (2011). Practical rhetoric in explanations and exercises for those who want to learn how to speak. Voronezh, 196.
Sternin, I.A., Stern, M.A.. (2001). American Communicative Behaviour: Scientific Edition. Voronezh: VSU-MION, 224.
Sukhovershinin, Y.V., Tikhomirova EP, Skoromnaya Y.E. (2009). Training business (professional) communication. M.: Academic Project; World Foundation, 129.
Ury, W. (1991). Getting past no: negotiating with difficult people. Bantam Books, 161.
Vagapova, D.K. (2014). Rhetoric in intellectual games and trainings. Moscow: Phoenix, Citadel Trade, 464.
Volkov, A.A. (2005). Basics of rhetoric: a study guide for universities. Moscow: Academic Project, 304.
Weber, M. (2002).The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, 3rd ed. Roxbury Publishing Company, Los Angeles California, 266.
Zaretskaya, E.N. (2007). The logic of speech. M.: Delo, 424.
Zharinova, T. (2005). Is rhetoric needed by modern society?. Retrieved from: http://zhurnal.lib.ru/z/zhurawlew_s_w/ritor.shtml
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2019-08-31
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Kirillova, N., Savenkova, E., Lazarevich, S., Khaibulina, D., & Diudiakova, S. (2019). Habilidades para hablar en público en el espacio educativo: tradiciones rusas y el enfoque americanizado. Amazonia Investiga, 8(21), 617–632. Recuperado a partir de https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/148
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