El efecto de un trabajo de grupo social basado en la terapia de la esperanza en el aislamiento social de las mujeres con cáncer
Palabras clave:
aislamiento social, terapia de la esperanza, trabajo social grupalResumen
El cáncer es una de las enfermedades difícilmente curables que sufren una gran cantidad de personas. Además de tener efectos físicos dolorosos en los pacientes, esta enfermedad tiene muchos efectos psicológicos y sociales en los pacientes. Una de las consecuencias sociales de estas enfermedades es el aislamiento social. La intervención de Hope Therapy es una de las intervenciones que afectan los aspectos psicológicos y sociales de los pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar el efecto de la terapia Hope en el aislamiento social de los pacientes que padecen cáncer. El presente estudio se realizó a través del método de ensayo clínico y utilizando el diseño experimental pretest-posttest. Los instrumentos de investigación fueron la Escala de Insolación Social con 38 ítems y la Escala de Aislamiento Social con cinco ítems. Su validez se confirmó mediante técnicas de validez formal y de contenido, y su fiabilidad se confirmó mediante el alfa de Cronbach. El estudio se realizó mediante la selección aleatoria de 49 pacientes femeninas con cáncer seleccionadas de los centros de beneficencia de Behnam Daheshpour y Mahyar (en dos grupos de control experimental de 28 participantes y de 21 participantes). El grupo experimental recibió una intervención de 8 sesiones de terapia de esperanza con el modelo de trabajo social de crecimiento y desarrollo que consta de tres componentes: meta, voluntad y progreso. Los resultados del presente estudio se analizaron mediante la prueba t independiente y la prueba t pareada. Los resultados del estudio indicaron que la intervención de Hope Therapy puede ser efectiva en el aspecto subjetivo en la escala de Hawthorne y en el aspecto objetivo del aislamiento social en la escala de Kalantari. Además, esta intervención resulta en la reducción del aislamiento social en los grupos experimentales. Sin embargo, la intervención no tiene efecto significativo de otras subescalas. La intervención de Hope Therapy y el trabajo en equipo han sido eficaces para reducir el aislamiento social de los pacientes con cáncer. Dado que el cáncer afecta las dimensiones físicas, mentales y sociales de los humanos, las intervenciones terapéuticas en los pacientes también deben considerar los aspectos sociales.
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