The role of transnational electronic evidence in the investigation of crimes
Keywords:
communication infrastructure, digitization, electronic evidence, investigative actions, pre-trial investigation.
Abstract
The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of the police practice of EU member states and Ukraine regarding transnational electronic evidence. Taking into account the goal, the practice of law enforcement of EU member states and Ukraine was chosen for comparative analysis. The method of comparative law and statistical methods were effective methodological tools and the basis of this research. The conducted research revealed that the international community is making a lot of efforts to reform the procedure for obtaining transnational electronic evidence when adapting to the current requirements. The new EU rules on the provision and storage of transnational electronic evidence cover the categories of subscriber data, access to transactions, and content. It was established that the SIRIUS and TREIO projects are important tools for supporting EU law enforcement agencies in matters related to transnational electronic evidence. In Ukraine, it is necessary to improve the legislation on the procedure for obtaining transnational electronic evidence with due regard to the international practice. The use of the recommendations of the SIRIUS and TREIO projects in Ukraine can contribute to improving the procedure of international cooperation regarding access to transnational electronic evidence in criminal investigations.
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References
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Vyshnevska, O., Litvak, O., Melnyk, I., Oliinyk, T., & Litvak, S. (2021). Impact of globalization on the world environment. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 11(1), 77-83. https://acortar.link/E9Eamy
Akhtyrska, N., & Kostyuchenko, O. (2022). Procedural and organizational aspects of electronic evidence collection during international cooperation. Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University, 2(72), 192-198. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.64
Amato, R., & Velicogna, M. (2022). Cross-border document service procedures in the EU from the perspective of Italian practitioners—The lessons learnt and the process of digitalisation of the procedure through e-CODEX. Laws, 11(81). https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11060081
Biasiotti, M.A. (2023). Training on EIO: TREIO Project. In: Biasiotti, M.A., & Turchi, F. (Eds.), European Investigation Order. Where the Law Meets the Technology (рр. 199-206). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31686-9_13
Casino, F., Pina, C., López-Aguilar, P., Batista, E., Solanas, A., & Patsakis, C. (2022). SoK: Cross-border criminal investigations and digital evidence. Journal of Cybersecurity, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyac014
Code of Ukraine No. 2341-III. Criminal Code of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2023. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14/ed20230811#Text
Code of Ukraine No. 4651-VI. Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2023. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17/ed20230824#Text
Council of Europe. (2021). Cybercrime Convention Committee (T-CY). Recovered from https://acortar.link/m3DLyP
Council of Europe. (s.f). MLA - Council of Europe standards. Council of Europe committee of ministers. Recovered from https://acortar.link/61UjzU
DIIA. (2022). Judicial statistics (annual reports on the administration of justice by local and appellate courts) for 2022. Recovered from https://acortar.link/OK5tlr
DIIA. (2023). Information on registered criminal offenses and the results of their pretrial investigation. Recovered from https://acortar.link/3FitaA
European Union Agency. (2022). SIRIUS EU Digital Evidence Situation Report. Recovered from https://acortar.link/UcbL0e
European Union Magazine. (2023). Document 32023R1543. On European production orders and European preservation orders for electronic evidence in criminal proceedings and for the execution of custodial sentences following criminal proceedings. Recovered from https://acortar.link/xiBAaY
Gascón Marcén, A. (2023). The push for international regulation of cross-border access to electronic evidence and human rights. Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional, 15(1), 385-402. https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2023.7545
Law of Ukraine No. 1906-IV. Law of Ukraine on international treaties of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2022. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1906-15#Text
Magno, T. (2023). The challenging path towards the establishment of the EU legal framework regulating cross-border access to digital evidence. In: Biasiotti, M.A., & Turchi, F. (Ed.), European Investigation Order. Where the Law Meets the Technology (рр. 23-33). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31686-9_4
Marandici, O., Milicenco, S., Iordan, C., & Oganesean, A. (2022). Transnational gathering of electronic evidences: challenges and perspectives in the European union. The Journal of the National Institute of Justice, 3(62), 54-60. Recovered from http://dx.doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2022.3(62).08
Official Journal of the European Union (2023). Document 32023L1544. Laying down harmonised rules on the designation of designated establishments and the appointment of legal representatives for the purpose of gathering electronic evidence in criminal proceedings. Directive (EU) 2023/1544 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023. Recovered from https://acortar.link/ubCMDg
Official Journal of the European Union. (2017). Document 52017IP0366. European Parliament resolution of 3 October 2017 on combating cybercrime. Recovered from https://acortar.link/w9L0YP
Official Journal of the European Union. (2018). Document 52018SC0118, working document of the commission services impact assessment. Recovered from https://acortar.link/z8D0LG
Official Journal of the European Union. (2022). Document 32014L0041. Regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters. Recovered from https://acortar.link/VHKhAn
Onţanu, E. A. (2023). The digitalisation of European union procedures: A new impetus following a time of prolonged crisis. Law, Technology and Humans, 5(1), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.2706
Order No. 223. Order About the organization of the work of the prosecutor's office of Ukraine in the field of international cooperation. General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, 18/09/2015. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0223900-15#Text
Order No. 2599/5. On the approval of the Instruction on the procedure for international cooperation in matters of mutual legal assistance, extradition of offenders (extradition), transfer (acceptance) of convicted persons, execution of sentences and other issues of international judicial cooperation in criminal proceedings during court proceedings. Ukraine Ministry of Justice, 19/08/2019. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0956-19#Text
Pidbereznykh, I., Koval, O., Solomin, Y., Kryvoshein, V., & Plazova, T. (2022). Ukrainian policy in the field of information security. Amazonia Investiga, 11(60), 206-213. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2022.60.12.22
Rojszczak, M. (2022). E‐Evidence cooperation in criminal matters from an EU perspective. The Modern Law Review, 85(4), 997-1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12749
Tosza, S. (2020). All evidence is equal, but electronic evidence is more equal than any other: The relationship between the European investigation order and the European production order. New Journal of European Criminal Law, 11(2), 161–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/2032284420919802
TREIO. (2020). Let's talk about TREIO. Recovered from https://treio.eu/a/news-wp5
Tudorica, M., & Bonnici, J. M. (2023). Legal framework for digital evidence following the implementation of the EIO directive: Status Quo, challenges and experiences in member states. In: Biasiotti, M.A., & Turchi, F. (Ed.), European Investigation Order. Where the Law Meets the Technology (рр. 127-155). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31686-9_9
UNODC. (2018). The practical guide for requesting electronic evidence across borders. united nations office on drugs and crime. Recovered from https://acortar.link/BYMyRt
Velicogna, M., Steigenga, E., Taal, S., & Schmidt, A. (2020). Connecting EU jurisdictions: Exploring how to open justice across member states through ICT. Social Science Computer Review, 38(3), 274–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318786949
Vyshnevska, O., Litvak, O., Melnyk, I., Oliinyk, T., & Litvak, S. (2021). Impact of globalization on the world environment. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 11(1), 77-83. https://acortar.link/E9Eamy
Published
2023-11-30
How to Cite
Akhtyrska, N., Kostiuchenko, O., Sereda, Y., Vynohradova, A., & Miroshnykov, I. (2023). The role of transnational electronic evidence in the investigation of crimes. Amazonia Investiga, 12(71), 293-303. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.71.11.26
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