International standards and domestic legislation on human organ donation and transplantation
Keywords:
transplantation, trafficking in human organs, human rights, the principle of dignity, Azerbaijani legislation.
Abstract
The article analyzes international standards for the quality and safety of organs for transplantation. Azerbaijan, like other countries, strictly prohibits organ trade. It criminalized the forcible removal of organs, fraud or coercion, and the buying or selling of organs. The objective of the work is to analyze the Oviedo Convention and the Council of Europe Convention on Combating Trafficking in Human Organs, as well as other legal acts, in comparison with the criminal and administrative laws of Azerbaijan. To achieve the objectives of the research, the author of the article used such methods as analysis and synthesis, the formal-legal method and the comparative-legal method. As a result of the research carried out, it was concluded that Azerbaijan should improve its relevant legislation taking into account the norms of these conventions. In particular, the State's priority should be to emphasize the donation of artificial organs and tissues instead of human donation.
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References
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Council of Europe. (1999). Convention for the protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (ETS No. 164). Retrieved from https://acortar.link/l8TNjx
Council of Europe. (2002). Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine concerning Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of Human Origin (ETS No. 186). Retrieved from https://acortar.link/Zj34Rh
Council of Europe. (1997). Explanatory Report to the Convention for the protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine. Retrieved from https://rm.coe.int/1680a8e4d0
Council of Europe. (2015). The Convention against Trafficking in Human Organs. Retrieved from https://rm.coe.int/16806dca3a
European Union (2011). Judgements C-34/10, Oliver Brustle v. Greenpeace e.v. Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 October 2011. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/j7gf6m
Ferreira Da Silva, I.V., & Frontera, J.A. (2015). Worldwide Barriers to Organ Donation. JAMA Neurol, 72(1), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3083
Glaser, S. R. (2005). Formula to Stop the Illegal Organ Trade: Presumed Consent Laws and Mandatory Reporting Requirements for Doctors. Human Rights Brief, 12(2), 19-22. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/9ZTo1r
Grigoriev, Yu., Grigoriev, I., & Istomina, L. (2001). Legal aspects of conducting some types of biomedical and clinical experiments. Bulletin of new medical technologies, 8(3), 79-81. (In Russian)
Guseinov, L. G. (1998). International obligations of states in the field of human rights. Baku: publishing house “Legal Literature”. (In Russian)
International Humanitarian Law Databases. (1949). Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Retrieved from https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/gciv-1949
Janis, M., Kay, R., & Bradley, E. (2008). European Human Rights Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199277469
Koru, O. (2021). Legality of medical intervention: indication requirement. İnönü University Faculty of Law Journal, 12(2), 491-500.
Law No. 360-IQ, On Protection of the Population Health. Republic of Azerbaijan, 1997. Retrieved from https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=5809
Law No. 726-IG, On Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues. Republic of Azerbaijan, 1999. Retrieved from https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=2727
Mammadov, V., & Mustafayeva, A. (2013). Bioethics, law and human rights. Baku: Law.
Mustafaeva, A.I., & Mamedov, V.K. (2010). Transplantology: legal and ethical problems. Baku: Echo. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/4f0N3h
Neethu R. Elberte v. Latvia. Application no. 61243/08. European Court of Human Rights, 2015. Retrieved from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-150234%22]}
Petrova v. Latvia. Judgment 24.6.2014. Case 4605/05. European Court of Human Rights, 2014. Retrieved from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22002-9531%22]}
R.R. v. Poland-HUDOC. Application no. 27617/04. European Court of Human Rights, 2011. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/4eEbEV
Sollie, P., & Duwell, M. (2009). Evaluating New Technologies: Methodological Problems for the Ethical Assessment of Technology Developments. (Vol. 3). Springer Science & Business Media.
Stammers, T. (2022). Organ Trafficking: Why Do Healthcare Workers Engage in It?. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 31(3), 73-89. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/OsEsVw
Swissinfo. (2022). Amendments to the Law “On Human Organ Transplantation”. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/N9tKFi
Toebes, B. (2001). The right to health. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. London: Law. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/5Dir80
Trans-Lex. (2016). French Civil Code. Retrieved from https://www.trans-lex.org/601101/_/french-civil-code-2016/
Tutun, S., Harfouche, A., Albizri, A., Johnson, M.E., & Haiyue H. (2022). A Responsible AI Framework for Mitigating the Ramifications of the Organ Donation Crisis. Inf Syst Front, 25, 2301-2316. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10340-y
United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3712c.html
United Nations (General Assembly). (1966a). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Treaty Series, 999, 171. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3aa0.html
United Nations (General Assembly). (1966b). International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. Treaty Series, 999, 171. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36c0.html
US Congress. (1984). National Organ Transplant Act of 1984. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/vDEhTC
World Health Organization. (2016). Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol and pathogen sharing. Implications for healthcare. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/d30I2H
Published
2023-11-30
How to Cite
Ismayilova, P. (2023). International standards and domestic legislation on human organ donation and transplantation. Amazonia Investiga, 12(71), 175-187. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.71.11.15
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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