Population based estimation of point and period prevalence of sexully transmitted infections based the iranian symptoms surveillance system
Keywords:
Prevalence, sexually transmitted infections, population base study.
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are of greate international concerns. The aim of this study was to measure the point and period prevalence of reportable STDs in Iran based on syndromes defined by the Iranian STDs surveillance system. In that regard, the population of Marvdasht, the second largest county of Fars province, was selected. This is a population based cross-sectional study, which was conducted among urban and rural residences of Marvdasht county in 2017. In total, among 11763 randomly sampled individuals, 3879 eligible participants in urban and rural areas of Marvdasht county were interviewed. The participants were on average 33 years old. Overall about 33 percent of men and 70 percent of women reported that, since the age of 15 years, they experienced at least one of the symptoms of selected STDs defined by the Iranian center for disease control (CDC) for surveillance of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Moreover, %9.7 of men and %28.7 of women were suffering from at least one of the defined symptoms at the time of interview.
Regardless of the etiology of the detected syndromes, the results highlight the importance of access to diagnostic and medical services to achieve on time diagnosis and treatment of the patients. Also, sexual health education is needed to be provided to the rural and urban sexually active population of Iran.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Afsar Kazerooni, P., Khazaei, Z., Mousavi, M., Khazaei, S., Sohrabivafa, M., Dehghani, S. L., ... & Vali Esfahani, M. (2018). Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis among homeless individuals. Immunopathol Persa.
Amornkul, P. N., Vandenhoudt, H., Nasokho, P., Odhiambo, F., Mwaengo, D., Hightower, A., ... & Glynn, J. (2009). HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among individuals aged 13-34 years in Rural Western Kenya. PloS one, 4(7), e6470.
Aral, S. O., Holmes, K. K., Padian, N. S., & Cates, W. (1996). Overview: individual and population approaches to the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Journal of infectious diseases, S127-S133.
Fararouei, M., Marzban, M., & Shahraki, G. (2017). Completeness of cancer registry data in a small Iranian province: A capture–recapture approach. Health Information Management Journal, 46(2), 96-100.
Fararouei, M., Rezaee, S., Shirazi, A. R., Naghmachi, M., Shirazi, K. K., Jamshidi, A., & Jafari, J. (2013). National guidelines for outbreak investigation: an evaluation study. EMHJ, 19(9).
George, R., Thomas, K., Thyagarajan, S. P., Jeyaseelan, L., Peedicayil, A., Jeyaseelan, V., & George S and the STD Study Group. (2004). Genital syndromes and syndromic management of vaginal discharge in a community setting. International journal of STD & AIDS, 15(6), 367-370.
Ghods, K., Soltany, S., Alavy Toussy, J., Ghorbani, R., Arab, D., Ardestani-Zadeh, A., & Hemmati, H. (2018). Meatal stenosis following circumcision with Plastibell device and conventional dissection Surgery; a prospective investigation. Journal of Renal Injury Prevention, 84-88.
Ghorbani, A., Ehsanpour, A., Roshanzamir, N., & Omidvar, B. (2012). Alterations in antibiotic susceptibility of urinary tract infection pathogens. Journal of nephropathology, 1(1), 43.
Goshtasbi, A. Z. I. T. A., Vahdaninia, M., & Rezaee, N. (2006). Knowledge of married women in Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad urban areas on AIDS and sexualy transmitted infections. Armaghane danesh, 11(3), 100-107.
Gottlieb, S. L., Low, N., Newman, L. M., Bolan, G., Kamb, M., & Broutet, N. (2014). Toward global prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs): the need for STI vaccines. Vaccine, 32(14), 1527-1535.
Goya, M. (2015). Country Guide for Care and Treatment for Deepening Infections. Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Deputy Health Care Officer. 1.
Jindal, N., Aggarwal, A., Gill, P., Sabharwal, B., & Sheevani, B. B. (2009). Community-based study of reproductive tract infections, including sexually transmitted infections, among the rural population of Punjab, India. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 34(4), 359.
Kazerooni, P. A., Fararouei, M., Nejat, M., Akbarpoor, M., & Sedaghat, Z. (2018). Under-ascertainment, under-reporting and timeliness of Iranian communicable disease surveillance system for zoonotic diseases. Public health, 154, 130-135.
Khalili, G. K, Feyzzadeh, A. (2006). Instructions on the system of care for sexually transmitted diseases in Iran. HIV / AIDS Office and Sexual Diseases. Center for Disease Management. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran.
Kosambiya, J. K., Desai, V. K., Bhardwaj, P., & Chakraborty, T. (2009). RTI/STI prevalence among urban and rural women of Surat: A community-based study. Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases, 30(2), 89.
Leder, K., Torresi, J., Libman, M. D., Cramer, J. P., Castelli, F., Schlagenhauf, P., ... & Barnett, E. D. (2013). GeoSentinel surveillance of illness in returned travelers, 2007–2011. Annals of internal medicine, 158(6), 456-468.
LeFevre, M. L. (2014). Behavioral counseling interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Annals of internal medicine, 161(12), 894-901.
Lin, J. S., Whitlock, E., O'Connor, E., & Bauer, V. (2008). Behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of internal medicine, 149(7), 497-508.
Masoudnia, E., & Chenaninasab, H. (2016). Impact of Perceived Social Stigma on Self-esteem in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery, 26(4), 80-89.
Mlisana, K., Naicker, N., Werner, L., Roberts, L., Van Loggerenberg, F., Baxter, C., ... & Ronacher, K. (2012). Symptomatic vaginal discharge is a poor predictor of sexually transmitted infections and genital tract inflammation in high-risk women in South Africa. The Journal of infectious diseases, 206(1), 6-14.
Nandan, D., Misra, S. K., & Sharma, A. (2002). Estimation of prevalence of RTIs/STDs among women of reproductive age group in district Agra. Indian Journal of community medicine, 27(3), 4.
Nasirian, M., Baneshi, M. R., Kamali, K., Haghdoost, A. A. (2015). Estimation of Prevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Iran; A model-based approach. Journal of research in health sciences. 15(3), 168-74.
Nasirian, M., Kamali, K., Haghdoost, A. A. (2013). Modeling the Estimation of the Prevalence and Incidence of Parasitic Infections in Iran in 2013. Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
Nasirian, M., Karamouzian, M., Kamali, K., Nabipour, A. R., Maghsoodi, A., Nikaeen, R., ... & Haghdoost, A. A. (2016). Care seeking patterns of STIs-associated symptoms in Iran: findings of a population-based survey. International journal of health policy and management, 5(1), 5.
Nassirian, M. (2015). Modeling estimates of the prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections in Iran for 2014-2015. Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
Nejat, M., Fararouei, M., Tabatabaie, H. R., Kazerooni, P. A., Akbarpoor, M., & Haghighi, R. E. (2016). Surveillance of zoonotic diseases in Marvdasht city, Fars province. Journal of health sciences and surveillance system, 4(2), 95-102.
Newman, L., Rowley, J., Vander Hoorn, S., Wijesooriya, N. S., Unemo, M., Low, N., ... & Temmerman, M. (2015). Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting. PloS one, 10(12), e0143304.
Niknami, S. H., Amin Shokravi, F., Farmanbar, R., Ahmadi, F., & Jafari, M. R. (2011). Family System and Its Effect's on HIV/AIDS High Risk Behaviors: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 20(77), 69-80.
Pellati, D., Mylonakis, I., Bertoloni, G., Fiore, C., Andrisani, A., Ambrosini, G., & Armanini, D. (2008). Genital tract infections and infertility. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 140(1), 3-11.
Rodríguez Cerdeira, C., Blanco, E., Blanco, B., & Gregorio, M. (2017). Sexually Transmitted Infections in the PReP Era. Are Family Doctors Ready to Give Advice?. The Open Dermatology Journal, 11(1).
Sharma, S., & Gupta, B. P. (2009). The prevalence of reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases among married women in the reproductive age group in a rural area. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 34(1), 62.
Vasireddy, S. A. (2017). Study on the Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted infections among Women of Reproductive age, in urban slums of Guntur city. MRIMS J Health Sci, 5(1), 31-5.
Workowski, K. A., & Berman, S. M. (2011). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines. Clinical infectious diseases, 53(suppl_3), S59-S63.
Zarei, N., Joulaei, H., Darabi, E., & Fararouei, M. (2015). Stigmatized attitude of healthcare providers: a barrier for delivering health services to HIV positive patients. International journal of community based nursing and midwifery, 3(4), 292.
Amornkul, P. N., Vandenhoudt, H., Nasokho, P., Odhiambo, F., Mwaengo, D., Hightower, A., ... & Glynn, J. (2009). HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among individuals aged 13-34 years in Rural Western Kenya. PloS one, 4(7), e6470.
Aral, S. O., Holmes, K. K., Padian, N. S., & Cates, W. (1996). Overview: individual and population approaches to the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Journal of infectious diseases, S127-S133.
Fararouei, M., Marzban, M., & Shahraki, G. (2017). Completeness of cancer registry data in a small Iranian province: A capture–recapture approach. Health Information Management Journal, 46(2), 96-100.
Fararouei, M., Rezaee, S., Shirazi, A. R., Naghmachi, M., Shirazi, K. K., Jamshidi, A., & Jafari, J. (2013). National guidelines for outbreak investigation: an evaluation study. EMHJ, 19(9).
George, R., Thomas, K., Thyagarajan, S. P., Jeyaseelan, L., Peedicayil, A., Jeyaseelan, V., & George S and the STD Study Group. (2004). Genital syndromes and syndromic management of vaginal discharge in a community setting. International journal of STD & AIDS, 15(6), 367-370.
Ghods, K., Soltany, S., Alavy Toussy, J., Ghorbani, R., Arab, D., Ardestani-Zadeh, A., & Hemmati, H. (2018). Meatal stenosis following circumcision with Plastibell device and conventional dissection Surgery; a prospective investigation. Journal of Renal Injury Prevention, 84-88.
Ghorbani, A., Ehsanpour, A., Roshanzamir, N., & Omidvar, B. (2012). Alterations in antibiotic susceptibility of urinary tract infection pathogens. Journal of nephropathology, 1(1), 43.
Goshtasbi, A. Z. I. T. A., Vahdaninia, M., & Rezaee, N. (2006). Knowledge of married women in Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad urban areas on AIDS and sexualy transmitted infections. Armaghane danesh, 11(3), 100-107.
Gottlieb, S. L., Low, N., Newman, L. M., Bolan, G., Kamb, M., & Broutet, N. (2014). Toward global prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs): the need for STI vaccines. Vaccine, 32(14), 1527-1535.
Goya, M. (2015). Country Guide for Care and Treatment for Deepening Infections. Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Deputy Health Care Officer. 1.
Jindal, N., Aggarwal, A., Gill, P., Sabharwal, B., & Sheevani, B. B. (2009). Community-based study of reproductive tract infections, including sexually transmitted infections, among the rural population of Punjab, India. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 34(4), 359.
Kazerooni, P. A., Fararouei, M., Nejat, M., Akbarpoor, M., & Sedaghat, Z. (2018). Under-ascertainment, under-reporting and timeliness of Iranian communicable disease surveillance system for zoonotic diseases. Public health, 154, 130-135.
Khalili, G. K, Feyzzadeh, A. (2006). Instructions on the system of care for sexually transmitted diseases in Iran. HIV / AIDS Office and Sexual Diseases. Center for Disease Management. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran.
Kosambiya, J. K., Desai, V. K., Bhardwaj, P., & Chakraborty, T. (2009). RTI/STI prevalence among urban and rural women of Surat: A community-based study. Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases, 30(2), 89.
Leder, K., Torresi, J., Libman, M. D., Cramer, J. P., Castelli, F., Schlagenhauf, P., ... & Barnett, E. D. (2013). GeoSentinel surveillance of illness in returned travelers, 2007–2011. Annals of internal medicine, 158(6), 456-468.
LeFevre, M. L. (2014). Behavioral counseling interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Annals of internal medicine, 161(12), 894-901.
Lin, J. S., Whitlock, E., O'Connor, E., & Bauer, V. (2008). Behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of internal medicine, 149(7), 497-508.
Masoudnia, E., & Chenaninasab, H. (2016). Impact of Perceived Social Stigma on Self-esteem in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery, 26(4), 80-89.
Mlisana, K., Naicker, N., Werner, L., Roberts, L., Van Loggerenberg, F., Baxter, C., ... & Ronacher, K. (2012). Symptomatic vaginal discharge is a poor predictor of sexually transmitted infections and genital tract inflammation in high-risk women in South Africa. The Journal of infectious diseases, 206(1), 6-14.
Nandan, D., Misra, S. K., & Sharma, A. (2002). Estimation of prevalence of RTIs/STDs among women of reproductive age group in district Agra. Indian Journal of community medicine, 27(3), 4.
Nasirian, M., Baneshi, M. R., Kamali, K., Haghdoost, A. A. (2015). Estimation of Prevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Iran; A model-based approach. Journal of research in health sciences. 15(3), 168-74.
Nasirian, M., Kamali, K., Haghdoost, A. A. (2013). Modeling the Estimation of the Prevalence and Incidence of Parasitic Infections in Iran in 2013. Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
Nasirian, M., Karamouzian, M., Kamali, K., Nabipour, A. R., Maghsoodi, A., Nikaeen, R., ... & Haghdoost, A. A. (2016). Care seeking patterns of STIs-associated symptoms in Iran: findings of a population-based survey. International journal of health policy and management, 5(1), 5.
Nassirian, M. (2015). Modeling estimates of the prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections in Iran for 2014-2015. Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
Nejat, M., Fararouei, M., Tabatabaie, H. R., Kazerooni, P. A., Akbarpoor, M., & Haghighi, R. E. (2016). Surveillance of zoonotic diseases in Marvdasht city, Fars province. Journal of health sciences and surveillance system, 4(2), 95-102.
Newman, L., Rowley, J., Vander Hoorn, S., Wijesooriya, N. S., Unemo, M., Low, N., ... & Temmerman, M. (2015). Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting. PloS one, 10(12), e0143304.
Niknami, S. H., Amin Shokravi, F., Farmanbar, R., Ahmadi, F., & Jafari, M. R. (2011). Family System and Its Effect's on HIV/AIDS High Risk Behaviors: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 20(77), 69-80.
Pellati, D., Mylonakis, I., Bertoloni, G., Fiore, C., Andrisani, A., Ambrosini, G., & Armanini, D. (2008). Genital tract infections and infertility. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 140(1), 3-11.
Rodríguez Cerdeira, C., Blanco, E., Blanco, B., & Gregorio, M. (2017). Sexually Transmitted Infections in the PReP Era. Are Family Doctors Ready to Give Advice?. The Open Dermatology Journal, 11(1).
Sharma, S., & Gupta, B. P. (2009). The prevalence of reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases among married women in the reproductive age group in a rural area. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 34(1), 62.
Vasireddy, S. A. (2017). Study on the Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted infections among Women of Reproductive age, in urban slums of Guntur city. MRIMS J Health Sci, 5(1), 31-5.
Workowski, K. A., & Berman, S. M. (2011). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines. Clinical infectious diseases, 53(suppl_3), S59-S63.
Zarei, N., Joulaei, H., Darabi, E., & Fararouei, M. (2015). Stigmatized attitude of healthcare providers: a barrier for delivering health services to HIV positive patients. International journal of community based nursing and midwifery, 3(4), 292.
Published
2019-02-27
How to Cite
Mousavi, M., Fararouei, M., Kazerooni, P., Nasirian, M., & Ghaem, H. (2019). Population based estimation of point and period prevalence of sexully transmitted infections based the iranian symptoms surveillance system. Amazonia Investiga, 8(18), 29-42. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/254
Issue
Section
Articles
.gif)
