Predicative adjectives in the composition of expressions as tactics of positive and negative politeness strategies
Keywords:
politeness strategies, intercultural communication, use of adjectives, language norms, cultural differences, speech interaction, sociolinguistics.
Abstract
The present research focuses on analyzing the mechanisms of politeness and the role of adjectives in interpersonal relationships, considering them as important tools for expressing attitudes, emotions, and cultural values. Based on the research results, it has been established that politeness strategies and the use of adjectives vary significantly depending on cultural contexts, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of linguistic norms and variations. Special attention has been paid to the role of adjectives, which serve not only as descriptive elements but also as means of expressing evaluations and emotions, thus, playing a significant role in intercultural interaction. The research conclusions underscore the importance of integrating intercultural understanding into the process of linguistic interaction. It has been revealed that successful intercultural communication requires not only language proficiency but also a deep understanding of cultural differences in politeness strategies. The research also points to the need for further exploration in this field, in particular, in developing practical recommendations for enhancing intercultural communication. In this context, knowledge and application of relevant linguistic strategies can contribute to better understanding and respect among representatives of different cultures.
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References
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Bybee, J., & Thompson, S. A. (2021). Interaction and grammar: Predicative adjective constructions in English conversation. Languages, 7(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7010002
Deychakivska, O. (2018). Pragmatic peculiarities of adjectives in the function of the predicative. Foreign philology, 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fpl.2018.131.2136
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Hollmann, W. B. (2021). The ‘nouniness’ of attributive adjectives and ‘verbiness’ of predicative adjectives: Evidence from phonology. English Language & Linguistics, 25(2), 257-279.
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Mubarak, A. S. J., & Rhaif, K. K. (2022). Politeness strategies in motivational storytelling by American commencement speakers. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(1), 22-39. https://www.jlls.org/index.php/jlls/article/view/2945
Naghia, M. P., & Mulatsih, S. (2021). Politeness strategies used by the characters of brooklyn nine-nine television series. Undergraduate Conference on Language, Literature, and Culture, 1(1). https://publikasi.dinus.ac.id/index.php/unclle/article/view/4659
Njuki, E., & Ireri, H. K. (2021). Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies Used by Kenya’s Members of National Assembly. Open Access Library Journal, 8(8), 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107690
Nurmalasari, I., Mujiyanto, J., & Yulianto, H. J. (2021). The use of non-verbal communication in supporting the realization of Brown & Levinson politeness strategies. English Education Journal, 11(3), 452-464. https://doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.47832
Pompeu, A. C. M. (2021). Analysis on the use of politeness strategies in a scene of The Crown. Brazilian English Language Teaching Journal, 12(1), 41365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/2178-3640.2021.1.41365
Putra, I. K. S. (2019). Comparison between Indonesian and English Adjectives Based on its Basic Forms on the Austronesian and Papuan Worlds (ICAPaW 2019), 6, 167.
Rababah, M., Al Zoubi, S., Al Masri, M., & Al-Abdulrazaq, M. (2021). Politeness strategies in hotel service encounters in Jordan: giving directives. The Arab Journal for Arts, 18(1), 319-340. https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/aauja/vol18/iss1/12/
Ritchie, K. (2021). Essentializing inferences. Mind & Language, 36(4), 570-591. https://doi.org/10.1111/mila.12360
Santoso, D., & Yulianti, D. W. (2022). Politeness Strategies in The Teaching Learning Process in English as A Foreign Language (EFL). Islamic Education: Journal of Islamic Education, 11(1).
Selgas, G. S. (2022). Politeness Strategies on Students’ Responses to Teacher’s Online Announcements. International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.55493/5051.v7i1.4508
Sihite, M. R., Lubis, S. I., & Silalahi, D. M. A. (2021). Politeness strategies used by the presidential candidates of Indonesia in the 2019 presidential debates. EXCELLENCE: Journal of English and English Education, 1(2), 9-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47662/ejeee.v1i2.268
Surjowati, R. (2021). The Politeness Strategies used by the Students with Regional Multicultural Background. Nobel: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching, 12(1), 112-135. https://doi.org/10.15642/NOBEL.2021.12.1.112-135
Suyono, M., & Andriyanti, E. (2021). Negative Politeness Strategies in What Would You Do? TV Show. Journal of Language and Literature, 21(2), 439-452.
Terada, K., Okazoe, M., & Gratch, J. (2021, September). Effect of politeness strategies in dialogue on negotiation outcomes. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (pp. 195-202). https://doi.org/10.1145/3472306.3478336
Van Olmen, D., Andersson, M., & Culpeper, J. (2023). Inherent linguistic impoliteness: The case of insultive you+ np in Dutch, English and Polish. Journal of Pragmatics, 215, 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2023.06.013
Wechsler, S., & Hahm, H. J. (2011). Polite plurals and adjective agreement. Morphology, 21, 247-281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-010-9168-z
Xafizovna, R. N. (2022). Discourse Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Literary Work: Speech Acts and Politeness Strategies. Spanish Journal of Innovation and Integrity, 5, 123-133. https://sjii.indexedresearch.org/index.php/sjii/article/view/100/88
AlAfnan, M. A., & MohdZuki, S. F. (2023). Positive and Negative Politeness in Nonverbal Communication Contexts: An Examination into Driving Behaviors in Europe. Studies in Media and Communication, 11(1), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v11i1.5884
Algiovan, N. (2022). Politeness strategies used by lecturers and students in thesis guidance through virtual communications. The Journal of English Literacy Education: The Teaching and Learning of English as a Foreign Language, 9(1), 101-114. https://ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jenglish/article/view/17437
An, A., & Abeillé, A. (2022). Closest conjunct agreement with attributive adjectives. Journal of French Language Studies, 32(3), 273-300. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959269521000193
Betti, M. J. (2022). Adjectives and Adverbs in English. Department of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Thi-Qar. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30519.24480
Brown, L. (2022). Linguistic politeness. In The Routledge handbook of Korean as a second language (pp. 51-67). Routledge.
Bybee, J., & Thompson, S. A. (2021). Interaction and grammar: Predicative adjective constructions in English conversation. Languages, 7(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7010002
Deychakivska, O. (2018). Pragmatic peculiarities of adjectives in the function of the predicative. Foreign philology, 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fpl.2018.131.2136
Diyani, N. L. S., & Putra, I. N. A. J. (2023). Politeness strategies applied by teachers in early childhood education. Lingua scientia, 30(1), 54-67.
Enwere, K. I., Rumuolumeni, P. H., & Peter, B. W. (2021). A Contrastive Analysis of Adjectives in English and Nkoro. Niger Delta Journal of Gender, Peace & Conflict Studies, 1(2).
Erkinovna, Y. F. (2021). Negative Politeness. International Journal on Integrated Education, 4(3), 468-471. https://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v4i3.1582
Gaglia, S. (2023). Hybrid agreement in polite address. It's different with you: Contrastive perspectives on address research, 5, 373. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Haverkate, H. (1988). Toward a typology of politeness strategies in communicative interaction. Multilingua, 7(4), 385-409
Hollmann, W. B. (2021). The ‘nouniness’ of attributive adjectives and ‘verbiness’ of predicative adjectives: Evidence from phonology. English Language & Linguistics, 25(2), 257-279.
Hutahaean, D. T., Herman, H., & Girsang, A. F. F. (2021). An analysis of politeness strategies found in pesbukers variety show. Wanastra: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 13(1), 39-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/w.v13i1.9218
Isabella, R. A., Munthe, E. J. B., Sigalingging, D. J. N., Purba, R., & Herman, H. (2022). Learning how to be polite through a movie: A case on brown and levinson’s politeness strategies. Indonesian EFL Journal, 8(2), 147-154.
Jaratjarungkiat, S., Park, K. E., & Tan, S. Y. H. (2022). Predicative Adjectives in Thai: Diachronic Changes in the Past Century. Journal of Mekong Societies, 18(1), 75-102. https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10356/160322
Karunakaran, J., & Ang, L. H. (2023). A Comparative Analysis of Adjective Types and Functions in Print Media: The Star Newspaper and Reader’s Digest Magazine Headlines. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 12-24.
Kristyaningsih, N., & Arifin, A. (2022). Politeness Strategies in Freedom Writers Movie. SALIENCE: English Language, Literature, and Education, 2(2). https://acortar.link/Zegs6o
Kučerová, I., & Szczegielniak, A. (2021). Polish politeness markers as a window into person-feature valuation. Journal of Slavic Linguistics, 29(extra issue).
Lenardič, J., & de Maiti, K. P. (2023). Grammatical and Pragmatic Aspects of Slovenian Modality in Socially Unacceptable Facebook Comments. Slovenian 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary researchSlovenian 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research, 11(1), 33-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2023.1.33-68
Mubarak, A. S. J., & Rhaif, K. K. (2022). Politeness strategies in motivational storytelling by American commencement speakers. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(1), 22-39. https://www.jlls.org/index.php/jlls/article/view/2945
Naghia, M. P., & Mulatsih, S. (2021). Politeness strategies used by the characters of brooklyn nine-nine television series. Undergraduate Conference on Language, Literature, and Culture, 1(1). https://publikasi.dinus.ac.id/index.php/unclle/article/view/4659
Njuki, E., & Ireri, H. K. (2021). Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies Used by Kenya’s Members of National Assembly. Open Access Library Journal, 8(8), 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107690
Nurmalasari, I., Mujiyanto, J., & Yulianto, H. J. (2021). The use of non-verbal communication in supporting the realization of Brown & Levinson politeness strategies. English Education Journal, 11(3), 452-464. https://doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.47832
Pompeu, A. C. M. (2021). Analysis on the use of politeness strategies in a scene of The Crown. Brazilian English Language Teaching Journal, 12(1), 41365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/2178-3640.2021.1.41365
Putra, I. K. S. (2019). Comparison between Indonesian and English Adjectives Based on its Basic Forms on the Austronesian and Papuan Worlds (ICAPaW 2019), 6, 167.
Rababah, M., Al Zoubi, S., Al Masri, M., & Al-Abdulrazaq, M. (2021). Politeness strategies in hotel service encounters in Jordan: giving directives. The Arab Journal for Arts, 18(1), 319-340. https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/aauja/vol18/iss1/12/
Ritchie, K. (2021). Essentializing inferences. Mind & Language, 36(4), 570-591. https://doi.org/10.1111/mila.12360
Santoso, D., & Yulianti, D. W. (2022). Politeness Strategies in The Teaching Learning Process in English as A Foreign Language (EFL). Islamic Education: Journal of Islamic Education, 11(1).
Selgas, G. S. (2022). Politeness Strategies on Students’ Responses to Teacher’s Online Announcements. International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.55493/5051.v7i1.4508
Sihite, M. R., Lubis, S. I., & Silalahi, D. M. A. (2021). Politeness strategies used by the presidential candidates of Indonesia in the 2019 presidential debates. EXCELLENCE: Journal of English and English Education, 1(2), 9-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47662/ejeee.v1i2.268
Surjowati, R. (2021). The Politeness Strategies used by the Students with Regional Multicultural Background. Nobel: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching, 12(1), 112-135. https://doi.org/10.15642/NOBEL.2021.12.1.112-135
Suyono, M., & Andriyanti, E. (2021). Negative Politeness Strategies in What Would You Do? TV Show. Journal of Language and Literature, 21(2), 439-452.
Terada, K., Okazoe, M., & Gratch, J. (2021, September). Effect of politeness strategies in dialogue on negotiation outcomes. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (pp. 195-202). https://doi.org/10.1145/3472306.3478336
Van Olmen, D., Andersson, M., & Culpeper, J. (2023). Inherent linguistic impoliteness: The case of insultive you+ np in Dutch, English and Polish. Journal of Pragmatics, 215, 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2023.06.013
Wechsler, S., & Hahm, H. J. (2011). Polite plurals and adjective agreement. Morphology, 21, 247-281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-010-9168-z
Xafizovna, R. N. (2022). Discourse Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Literary Work: Speech Acts and Politeness Strategies. Spanish Journal of Innovation and Integrity, 5, 123-133. https://sjii.indexedresearch.org/index.php/sjii/article/view/100/88
Published
2024-02-29
How to Cite
Deichakivska, O. (2024). Predicative adjectives in the composition of expressions as tactics of positive and negative politeness strategies. Amazonia Investiga, 13(74), 239-247. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2024.74.02.20
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