Illustration techniques of "Khavaran Nameh" regarding expression and rhetoric

Reza Abbasi; Asgar Salahi

Reza Abbasi Department of Humanities University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Asgar Salahi Department of Humanities University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Keywords: Khavaran Nameh, illustration, Ibn Hossam, expression, rhetoric, Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh

Abstract

Khavaran Nameh is one of epic Shi’i texts related to ninth century written by Ibn Hossam who described stories about Imam Ali with an epic expression and language. Literal and rhetorical techniques are some of methods used by poets in literal creation. Ibn Hossam could create many of beautiful and artistic descriptions using expressive and rhetorical images. The objective of this study is to indicate expressive and rhetorical techniques used by Ibn Hossam for illustration in Khavaran Nameh. Last part of this paper points to some effects of Ferdosi’s Shanameh on Khavaran Nameh in terms of illustration. Results obtained from this research on all of verses of Khavaran Nameh indicated that they play a vital role in Ibn Hossam’s illustration in terms of expression in describing epic scenes, high frequency of extensive and compound simile, arranged metaphor and multiple images. In terms of rhetoric, the poet used different types of puns, analogy amphiboly, estekhdam, simile, and good expression to create epic images when using poetic descriptions.

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Author Biographies

Reza Abbasi, Department of Humanities University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Ph.D. student of Persian language and literature, Department of Humanities University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Asgar Salahi, Department of Humanities University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Assistant Professor Department of Humanities University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

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