International mechanisms for the protection of human rights under martial law
Resumo
Human rights are fundamental to any just and equitable society. However, under martial law conditions, protecting them can be a challenge. However, in practice the situation of internal armed conflicts and violence is the largest threat and obstacle to their implementation. Hence, the perspective to the protection of the right to life during an armed conflict is based predominantly on the norms and regulations of international humanitarian law, which safeguard protection only to persons thereunder. The purpose of this article is to work out the priority measures for the protection of human rights in the conditions of martial law drawing on the insight into the foreign experience. To address the said goal, the present article utilized cognitive dialectical methods, the method of idealization, formalization and modeling of the response strategy in case of human rights violation. Because of the conducted study, a response strategy was elaborated in case of human rights violations under war conditions. The findings of this article are important for lawyers, public officials, and civil society organizations working to protect human rights under conditions of martial law, seek to administer the standards and practices of international regulation of universal human and citizen rights in individual administrative cases.
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Referências
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Caldeira, T. P. (2019). Crime and individual rights: reframing the question of violence in Latin America. In Constructing Democracy (pp. 197-211). Routledge. https://acortar.link/JJHdFM
Carey, S. C., & González, B. (2021). The legacy of war: The effect of militias on postwar repression. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 38(3), 247-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894219899006
Costello, C., & Mann, I. (2020). Border justice: migration and accountability for human rights violations. German Law Journal, 21(3), 311-334. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.27
Coynash, H., & Charron, A. (2019). Russian-occupied Crimea and the state of exception: repression, persecution, and human rights violations. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 60(1), 28-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2019.1625279
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Madumarov, T. T., & G’ulomjonov, O. R. (2021). The Constitution is a legal guarantee for the development of the country and the well-being of society. International Journal of Human Computing Studies, 3(2), 105-109. Doi: 10.31149/ijhcs.v3i2.1554
Mejía Azuero, J. C., González Serrano, A., Castro Londoño, K., González-Serrano, A., & Castro-Londoño, K. (2022). Colombia before the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Description of the Complaint Mechanism. Revista Logos Ciencia & Tecnología, 14(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v14i1.1494
McCamant, J. F. (2019). A critique of present measures of “human rights development” and an alternative. In Global human rights: Public policies, comparative measures, and NGO strategies (pp. 123-146). Routledge. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/eRktwN
McGregor, L., Murray, D., & Ng, V. (2019). International human rights law as a framework for algorithmic accountability. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 68(2), 309-343. Doi: 10.1017/S0020589319000046
Orwin, C., & Pangle, T. (2019). The philosophical foundation of human rights. In Human rights in our time (pp. 1-22). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049880-1
Pereira Ortega, D. L., & Peñaloza Nuñez, S. M. (2022). Exercising the right to social protest as a mechanism for the defense of human rights: Analysis of the Colombian socio-legal context in times of pandemic. DIXI, 24(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.16925/2357-5891.2022.02.02
Perkumienė, D., Beriozovas, O., & Smilginytė, A. (2022). Human rights analysis from the constitutional perspective in Lithuanian national law context. In International Applied Research Conference Proceedings Problems and Challenges of Contemporary Law in the Context of International Law (pp. 88-93), Vilnius. https://ksu.lt/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Teises_leidinys-1.pdf
Rabinovych, M., & Gawrich, A. (2023). The Conflict in Eastern Ukraine and International Support for the Decentralization Reform (2014–2022): Theory-Guided Observations. East European Politics and Societies. https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221139841
Reglitz, M. (2020). The human right to free internet access. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 37(2), 314-331.
Rodrigues, R. (2020). Legal and human rights issues of AI: Gaps, challenges and vulnerabilities. Journal of Responsible Technology, 4, 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2020.100005
Scoble, H. M., & Wiseberg, L. S. (2019). Problems of comparative research on human rights. In Global human rights: Public policies, comparative measures, and NGO strategies (pp. 147-171). Routledge. https://acortar.link/oImirK
Semenyshyn, M., Hryshchenko, I., Alekseieva, K., Oliinyk, V., & Buha, H. (2020). Research of features of professional self-actualization of civil servants through the determinants of information security. Revista San Gregorio, 42, 41-52. https://acortar.link/3YyT4N
Strand, V. B. (2019). Non-discrimination and Equality as the Foundations of Peace. In Research Handbook on International Law and Peace (pp. 285-307). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722731.003.0012
Tomz, M. R., & Weeks, J. L. (2020). Human rights and public support for war. The Journal of Politics, 82(1), 182-194. https://doi.org/10.1086/705741
Toussaint, P., & Martinez Blanco, A. (2020). A human rights-based approach to loss and damage under the climate change regime. Climate Policy, 20(6), 743-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1630354
Wise, P. H., Shiel, A., Southard, N., Bendavid, E., Welsh, J., Stedman, S. ... Bhutta, Z. A. (2021). The political and security dimensions of the humanitarian health response to violent conflict. The Lancet, 397(10273), 511-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00130-6
Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. J., & Steenbruggen, W. (2019). The right to communications confidentiality in Europe: protecting privacy, freedom of expression, and trust. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 20(1), 291-322. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3152014
Atadjanov, R. (2023). Human Rights as a Concept of Public Law: Challenges for Central Asian Higher Education Systems. In Human Rights Dissemination in Central Asia: Human Rights Education and Capacity Building in the Post-Soviet Space (pp. 47-60). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27972-0_4
Berman, H. J. (2019). The Rule of law and the Law-Based State (Rechtsstaat): with special reference to the Soviet Union. In Toward the “Rule of Law” in Russia? (pp. 43-61). Routledge. https://acortar.link/4sMBI1
Bürgin, D., Anagnostopoulos, D., Vitiello, B., Sukale, T., Schmid, M., & Fegert, J. M. (2022). Impact of war and forced displacement on children’s mental health—multilevel, needs-oriented, and trauma-informed approaches. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(6), 845-853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-01974-z
Caldeira, T. P. (2019). Crime and individual rights: reframing the question of violence in Latin America. In Constructing Democracy (pp. 197-211). Routledge. https://acortar.link/JJHdFM
Carey, S. C., & González, B. (2021). The legacy of war: The effect of militias on postwar repression. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 38(3), 247-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894219899006
Costello, C., & Mann, I. (2020). Border justice: migration and accountability for human rights violations. German Law Journal, 21(3), 311-334. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.27
Coynash, H., & Charron, A. (2019). Russian-occupied Crimea and the state of exception: repression, persecution, and human rights violations. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 60(1), 28-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2019.1625279
Donnelly, J. (2021). Traditional values and universal human rights: Caste in India. In Asian Perspectives on Human Rights (pp. 55-90). Routledge. https://acortar.link/f3koiM
Espaliú Berdud, C. (2019). The Compulsory Character of Human Rights Norms as a Trait of European Identity. Deusto Journal of European Studies, 02, 251-68. https://doi.org/10.18543/ced-02-2019pp251-268
Ginsburg, T. (2020). Authoritarian international law? American Journal of International Law, 114(2), 221-260. https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2020.3
Greitens, S. C. (2020). Surveillance, security, and liberal democracy in the post-COVID world. International Organization, 74(S1), E169-E190. Doi: 10.1017/S0020818320000417
Gryshchenko, I. M., Denysova, A. V., Ovsiannikova, O. O., Buha, H. S., & Kiselyova, E. I. (2021). Means for control over the activities of public authorities by civic democratic institutions: the conceptual framework analysis. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(69), 796-813. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.49
Guild, E., Basaran, T., & Allinson, K. (2019). From Zero to Hero? An analysis of the human rights protections within the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). International Migration, 57(6), 43-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12609
Haggart, B., & Keller, C. I. (2021). Democratic legitimacy in global platform governance. Telecommunications Policy, 45(6), 102152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102152
Hathaway, O. A., Strauch, P. K., Walton, B. A., & Weinberg, Z. A. (2019). What is a war crime. Yale Journal of International Law, 44, 53. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13051/6731
Hofman, D., Lemieux, V. L., Joo, A., & Batista, D. A. (2019). “The margin between the edge of the world and infinite possibility”: Blockchain, GDPR and information governance. Records Management Journal, 29(1/2), 240-257. https://doi.org/10.1108/RMJ-12-2018-0045
Lawson, A., & Beckett, A. E. (2021). The social and human rights models of disability: towards a complementarity thesis. The International Journal of Human Rights, 25(2), 348-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2020.1783533
Madumarov, T. T., & G’ulomjonov, O. R. (2021). The Constitution is a legal guarantee for the development of the country and the well-being of society. International Journal of Human Computing Studies, 3(2), 105-109. Doi: 10.31149/ijhcs.v3i2.1554
Mejía Azuero, J. C., González Serrano, A., Castro Londoño, K., González-Serrano, A., & Castro-Londoño, K. (2022). Colombia before the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Description of the Complaint Mechanism. Revista Logos Ciencia & Tecnología, 14(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v14i1.1494
McCamant, J. F. (2019). A critique of present measures of “human rights development” and an alternative. In Global human rights: Public policies, comparative measures, and NGO strategies (pp. 123-146). Routledge. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/eRktwN
McGregor, L., Murray, D., & Ng, V. (2019). International human rights law as a framework for algorithmic accountability. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 68(2), 309-343. Doi: 10.1017/S0020589319000046
Orwin, C., & Pangle, T. (2019). The philosophical foundation of human rights. In Human rights in our time (pp. 1-22). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049880-1
Pereira Ortega, D. L., & Peñaloza Nuñez, S. M. (2022). Exercising the right to social protest as a mechanism for the defense of human rights: Analysis of the Colombian socio-legal context in times of pandemic. DIXI, 24(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.16925/2357-5891.2022.02.02
Perkumienė, D., Beriozovas, O., & Smilginytė, A. (2022). Human rights analysis from the constitutional perspective in Lithuanian national law context. In International Applied Research Conference Proceedings Problems and Challenges of Contemporary Law in the Context of International Law (pp. 88-93), Vilnius. https://ksu.lt/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Teises_leidinys-1.pdf
Rabinovych, M., & Gawrich, A. (2023). The Conflict in Eastern Ukraine and International Support for the Decentralization Reform (2014–2022): Theory-Guided Observations. East European Politics and Societies. https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221139841
Reglitz, M. (2020). The human right to free internet access. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 37(2), 314-331.
Rodrigues, R. (2020). Legal and human rights issues of AI: Gaps, challenges and vulnerabilities. Journal of Responsible Technology, 4, 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2020.100005
Scoble, H. M., & Wiseberg, L. S. (2019). Problems of comparative research on human rights. In Global human rights: Public policies, comparative measures, and NGO strategies (pp. 147-171). Routledge. https://acortar.link/oImirK
Semenyshyn, M., Hryshchenko, I., Alekseieva, K., Oliinyk, V., & Buha, H. (2020). Research of features of professional self-actualization of civil servants through the determinants of information security. Revista San Gregorio, 42, 41-52. https://acortar.link/3YyT4N
Strand, V. B. (2019). Non-discrimination and Equality as the Foundations of Peace. In Research Handbook on International Law and Peace (pp. 285-307). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722731.003.0012
Tomz, M. R., & Weeks, J. L. (2020). Human rights and public support for war. The Journal of Politics, 82(1), 182-194. https://doi.org/10.1086/705741
Toussaint, P., & Martinez Blanco, A. (2020). A human rights-based approach to loss and damage under the climate change regime. Climate Policy, 20(6), 743-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1630354
Wise, P. H., Shiel, A., Southard, N., Bendavid, E., Welsh, J., Stedman, S. ... Bhutta, Z. A. (2021). The political and security dimensions of the humanitarian health response to violent conflict. The Lancet, 397(10273), 511-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00130-6
Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. J., & Steenbruggen, W. (2019). The right to communications confidentiality in Europe: protecting privacy, freedom of expression, and trust. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 20(1), 291-322. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3152014
Publicado
2023-09-30
Como Citar
Kuchyk, O., Medvid, L., Loskutov, T., Vovk, M., & Aharkova, O. (2023). International mechanisms for the protection of human rights under martial law. Amazonia Investiga, 12(69), 94-105. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.69.09.8
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