Dynamics of cultural landscape (as exemplified by the functioning of conifers in wedding rites of the Ulyanovsk region)
Keywords:
Traditional Russian wedding, rite, symbol, Ulyanovsk Povolzhye, conifer, dynamics, semiotization.
Abstract
This article is relevant due to the current trend of interdisciplinary research in the sphere of socio-humanistic studies. In this case, it is the study of the dynamic cultural landscape developed by cultural (humanitarian) geography, ethnobotany, ethnology, folkloristics and cultural science. An important role in the formation and development of the cultural landscape of Russian rural settlements was played by traditional culture (primarily, wedding and calendar rites). They functioned in typical natural locations: forests, rivers, meadows, fields, etc., while such natural objects as freestanding trees, wild and cultivated plants, fruits, etc. were included in the ritual process and acquired a new semiotic status. In addition to the symbolic aspect, the interaction of traditional culture and nature had a dynamic character caused by the mutual influence of traditional culture and natural landscape on each other. The article presents the results of the study on the dynamics of the cultural landscape as exemplified by the functioning of conifers in wedding rites of the Ulyanovsk Region. The authors have established that their peculiar functioning is associated with landscape characteristics of certain areas and settlements of Ulyanovsk Povolzhye (the Ulyanovsk Volga region), as well as changes caused by deforestation, the emergence of new forest types and the cultivation of more forests. As a result, the plant used in wedding rites was replaced with a new one, or other types of wedding trees were introduced in the existing traditions depending on the season or regardless of it. Conifers were often used the day before a wedding when the bride's female friends or relatives visited the groom's house, and less often on the wedding day during the dower ceremony. The authors of the article have revealed that conifers are one of the variants of a wedding tree, therefore, their pragmatics are determined by the pragmatics and semantics of the wedding ceremony itself. The main functions of a coniferous tree in weddings were informational (to spread the information about a wedding or a certain wedding rite), symbolic (to designate marriage, marriage partners, loss of the bride's virginity, coitus), aesthetic and festive (to decorate a plant with ribbons, beads and colorful rags to make it colorful and turn it into a symbol of the holiday, while wedding songs performed by girls strengthened this effect).
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References
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Avtonomov, Ya.A. (1902). Simvolika rastenii v velikorusskikh pesnyakh [The symbolism of plants in Great Russian songs]. ZhMNP, CCCV, 46-101; ZhMNP, CCCXXXXIV, 244-288.
Berezovich, E.V. (2007). Kulturnye kody i kulturnyi tekst [Cultural codes and cultural text]. In Yazyk i traditsionnaya kultura: Etnolingvisticheskie issledovaniya (p. 340). Moscow: Indrik.
Blagoveshchenskii, V.V., Maslennikov, A.V., Maslennikova, L.A., Rakov, N.S., Saksonov, S.V. and Shustov, M.V. (2004). Osnovnye napravleniya izucheniya i okhrany flory i rastitelnosti tsentralnoi chasti Privolzhskoi vozvyshennosti [Main directions of exploring and protecting the flora and vegetation of the central part of the Volga Upland]. In Proceedings of the International conference "The natural heritage of Russia: study, monitoring, protection", p. 30. Tolyatti: IEVB RAN.
Blagoveshchenskii, V.V. (2005). Rastitelnost Privolzhskoi vozvyshennosti v svyazi s ee istoriei i ratsionalnym ispolzovaniem [Vegetation of the Volga Upland, its history and rational use]. Ulyanovsk: UlGU.
Bogatyrev, P.G. (2007). Narodnaya kultura slavyan [The Slavic folk culture]. Moscow: OGI.
Clotaire, R. (2006). The Culture Code: An Ingenious Way to Understand Why People around the World Live and Buy as They Do. New York.
Cosgrove, D. (1978). Place, landscape and dialectics of cultural geography. Canadian Geographer, 22(1), 66-72.
Cosgrove, D.E. (1998). Social formation and symbolic landscape. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Fleming, K. (1984). Cultural landscape: a theoretical perspective. Retrieved February 12, 2019 from https://www.scahome.org/publications/proceedings/Proceedings.11Fleming.pdf.
Gura, A.V. (1999). Derevtse svadebnoe [Wedding tree]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 2: D-K (Kroshki), 83-84. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Gura, A.V. (2012). Brak i svadba v slavyanskoi narodnoi kulture: Semantika i simvolika [Marriage and wedding in the Slavic traditional culture: Semantics and symbolism]. Moscow: Indrik.
Hirsch, E. (1995). Introduction: Landscape: Between Place and Space. In Hirsch, E. and O'Hanlon, M. (Eds.). The Anthropology of Landscape: Perspectives on Place and Space, 1-30. Oxford.
Hirsch, E. and O'Hanlon, M. (Eds.). (1995). The Anthropology of Landscape: Perspectives on Place and Space. Oxford.
Ivanova, A. and Kalutskov, V. (2006). Kontseptsiya kulturnogo landshafta v issledovanii i reprezentatsii folklora [The concept of cultural landscape in the study and representation of folklore]. Ekologiya kultury, 2, 10-23.
Jackson, P. (1989). Maps of Meaning: An Introduction to cultural geography. London: Routledge.
Kalutskov, V.N. (2008). Landshaft v kulturnoi geografii [Landscape in cultural geography]. Moscow.
Kolosova, V.A. (2010). Slavyanskaya etnobotanika: Ocherk istorii [The Slavic ethnobotany: historical notes]. In Kolosova, V.A. and Ippolitova, A.B. (Eds.). Etnobotanika: rasteniya v yazyke i culture, 7-30. Saint Petersburg: Izd-vo "Nauka".
Kuleshova, M.E. (2000). Kulturnye landshafty: obshchie predstavleniya, ponyatiya, podkhody k otsenke [Cultural landscapes: general ideas, insights, notions, approaches to evaluation]. In Ekologicheskie problemy sokhraneniya istoricheskogo i kulturnogo naslediya, 37-52. Moscow.
Langer, R., Lüddeckens, D., Radde and Snoek, J. (2006). Transfer of ritual. Journal of Ritual Studies, 20(1), 1-10.
Maslennikov, A.V. (2008). Flora kaltsievykh landshaftov Privolzhskoi vozvyshennosti [The flora of calciferous landscapes of the Volga Upland]. Ulyanovsk.
Minca, C. (2013). The cultural geographies of landscape. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 62(1), 47-62.
Minkh, A.N. (1893). Repei v narodnykh obryadakh i pesnyakh [Bur in folk rites and songs]. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, 2, 191-192.
Nassauer, J.I. (1995). Culture and changing landscape structure. Landscape Ecology, 10(4), 229-237.
Pchelkin, Yu.A., Rakov, N.S. and Maslennikov, A.V. (2002). Floristicheskoe raionirovanie Ulyanovskoi oblasti [The floristic zoning of the Ulyanovsk Region]. Byull. Samarskaya Luka, 12, 275-280.
Polivanov, V.N. (1908). Dvadtsatipyatiletie Akshuatskogo lesorazvedeniya v Simbirskoi gubernii (1883-1908). Opyt lesovodcheskogo otcheta [The 25th anniversary of afforestation in the Simbirsk province (1883-1908). Report on forest cultivation]. Simbirsk: Gub. tip.
Potebnya, A.A. (1914). O nekotorykh simvolakh v slavyanskoi narodnoi poezii [Some symbols in the Slavic folk poetry]. Kharkov.
Rowntree, L.B. and Conkey, M.W. (1980). Symbolism and the cultural landscape. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70(4), 459-474.
Shchepanskaya, T.B. (2011). Rzhavaya merezha: k voprosu o transformatsii i variativnosti traditsionnoi kultury [Rusty drag net: the transformation and variation of traditional culture]. In Folklor i etnografiya: K devyanostoletiyu so dnya rozhdeniya K.V. Chistova: Collection of scientific works (pp. 48-61). Saint Petersburg: MAE RAN.
Shchurov, V.M. (1986). O regionalnykh traditsiyakh v russkom narodnom muzykalnom tvorchestve [On regional traditions in the Russian folk music]. In Banin, A.A. (Ed.). Muzykalnaya folkloristika: Collection of articles (Issue 3, pp. 11-47). Moscow: Sov. Kompozitor.
Shestakov, А.А. (2008). Cultural code concept in contemporary world. Spring.
Slovar russkikh narodnykh govorov [The dictionary of the Russian sub-dialects] (Issue 8: Der – Erepenitsya). (1972). Leningrad: Nauka.
Sumtsov, N.F. (1996). Simvolika slavyanskikh obryadov: Izbrannye trudy [The symbolism of Slavic rites: Selected works]. Moscow: Izdatelskaya firma "Vostochnaya literatura".
Svirida, I.I. (Ed.). (2007). Landshafty kultury. Slavyanskii mir [Cultural landscapes. The Slavic world]. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya.
Tolstaya, S.M. (2008a). Chelovek zhivet, kak trava rastet [The person's life is like grass growth]. In Prostranstvo slova. Leksicheskaya semantika v obshcheslavyanskoi perspektive (pp. 338-346). Moscow: Indrik.
Tolstaya, S.M. (2008b). Kody kultury i kulturnye kontsepty [Cultural codes and concepts]. In Prostranstvo slova: Leksicheskaya semantika v obshcheslavyanskoi perspektive, 333-337. Moscow: Indrik.
Tolstaya, S.M. (2013). Kody kultury i kulturnye kontsepty [Cultural codes and concepts]. In Slavyanskaya etnolingvistika: voprosy teorii, 109-113. Moscow: Institut slavyanovedeniya RAN.
Tolstoy, N.I. (1986). Nevestka stala v pole topolem [Bride turned into poplar free-standing in the field]. In Slavyanskii i balkanskii folklor, 39-43. Moscow.
Tolstoy, N.I. (1995). Yazyk i kultura [Language and culture]. In Yazyk i narodnaya kultura: Ocherki po slavyanskoi mifologii i etnolingvistike. Moscow: Indrik.
UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n. d.). Cultural Landscapes. Retrieved February 12, 2019 from http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/477.
Usacheva, V.V. (1999). Kalina [Arrowwood]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 2: D-K (Kroshki), 446-448. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Vedenin, Yu.A. and Kuleshova, M.E. (2004). Kulturnye landshafty kak kategoriya naslediya [Cultural landscape as a category of heritage]. In Vedenin, Yu.A. and Kuleshova, M.E. (Eds.). Kulturnyi landshaft kak obekt naslediya. Moscow: Institut Naslediya; Saint Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin.
Vinogradova, L.N. and Usacheva, V.V. (1999a). Bereza [Birch]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 1: A-D, 156-160. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Vinogradova, L.N. and Usacheva, V.V. (1999b). Vetka [Branch]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 1: A-D, 364-366. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Zelenin, D.K. (1933). Totemicheskii kult derevev u russkikh i u belorusov [The Russian and Belarusian totemic cult of trees]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Otd. obshch. nauk, 6, 591-629.
Zorin, N.V. (2004). Russkii svadebnyi ritual [The Russian wedding tradition]. Moscow: Nauka.
Agapkina, T.A. (1999). Derevo [Tree]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 2: D-K (Kroshki), 60-70. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Agapkina, T.A. (2010). Simvolika derevev v traditsionnoi kulture slavyan: ryabina [The symbolism of trees in the traditional Slavic culture: sorbus]. In Kolosova, V.A. and Ippolitova, A.B. (Eds.). Etnobotanika: rasteniya v yazyke i culture, 238-253. Saint Petersburg: Izd-vo "Nauka".
Agapkina, T.A. (2012). Sosna [Pine]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 5: S (Skazka) – Ya (Yashcheritsa), 134-137. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Arinina, N.P. (2009). Traditsionnaya kultura staroverov pomorskogo soglasiya sela Krasnyi Yar Cherdaklinskogo raiona Ulyanovskoi oblasti: (po materialam polevykh zapisei) [The traditional culture of Pomor Old Believers from the village of Krasnyi Yar, the Cherdaklinsky District, the Ulyanovsk Region (based on field notes)]. In Alenkii tsvetochek: Russkie narodnye pesni s. Krasnyi Yar Cherdaklinskogo raiona Ulyanovskoi oblasti: Collection of songs, 3-24. Ulyanovsk: Tip. "Master Studiya".
Avtonomov, Ya.A. (1902). Simvolika rastenii v velikorusskikh pesnyakh [The symbolism of plants in Great Russian songs]. ZhMNP, CCCV, 46-101; ZhMNP, CCCXXXXIV, 244-288.
Berezovich, E.V. (2007). Kulturnye kody i kulturnyi tekst [Cultural codes and cultural text]. In Yazyk i traditsionnaya kultura: Etnolingvisticheskie issledovaniya (p. 340). Moscow: Indrik.
Blagoveshchenskii, V.V., Maslennikov, A.V., Maslennikova, L.A., Rakov, N.S., Saksonov, S.V. and Shustov, M.V. (2004). Osnovnye napravleniya izucheniya i okhrany flory i rastitelnosti tsentralnoi chasti Privolzhskoi vozvyshennosti [Main directions of exploring and protecting the flora and vegetation of the central part of the Volga Upland]. In Proceedings of the International conference "The natural heritage of Russia: study, monitoring, protection", p. 30. Tolyatti: IEVB RAN.
Blagoveshchenskii, V.V. (2005). Rastitelnost Privolzhskoi vozvyshennosti v svyazi s ee istoriei i ratsionalnym ispolzovaniem [Vegetation of the Volga Upland, its history and rational use]. Ulyanovsk: UlGU.
Bogatyrev, P.G. (2007). Narodnaya kultura slavyan [The Slavic folk culture]. Moscow: OGI.
Clotaire, R. (2006). The Culture Code: An Ingenious Way to Understand Why People around the World Live and Buy as They Do. New York.
Cosgrove, D. (1978). Place, landscape and dialectics of cultural geography. Canadian Geographer, 22(1), 66-72.
Cosgrove, D.E. (1998). Social formation and symbolic landscape. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Fleming, K. (1984). Cultural landscape: a theoretical perspective. Retrieved February 12, 2019 from https://www.scahome.org/publications/proceedings/Proceedings.11Fleming.pdf.
Gura, A.V. (1999). Derevtse svadebnoe [Wedding tree]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 2: D-K (Kroshki), 83-84. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Gura, A.V. (2012). Brak i svadba v slavyanskoi narodnoi kulture: Semantika i simvolika [Marriage and wedding in the Slavic traditional culture: Semantics and symbolism]. Moscow: Indrik.
Hirsch, E. (1995). Introduction: Landscape: Between Place and Space. In Hirsch, E. and O'Hanlon, M. (Eds.). The Anthropology of Landscape: Perspectives on Place and Space, 1-30. Oxford.
Hirsch, E. and O'Hanlon, M. (Eds.). (1995). The Anthropology of Landscape: Perspectives on Place and Space. Oxford.
Ivanova, A. and Kalutskov, V. (2006). Kontseptsiya kulturnogo landshafta v issledovanii i reprezentatsii folklora [The concept of cultural landscape in the study and representation of folklore]. Ekologiya kultury, 2, 10-23.
Jackson, P. (1989). Maps of Meaning: An Introduction to cultural geography. London: Routledge.
Kalutskov, V.N. (2008). Landshaft v kulturnoi geografii [Landscape in cultural geography]. Moscow.
Kolosova, V.A. (2010). Slavyanskaya etnobotanika: Ocherk istorii [The Slavic ethnobotany: historical notes]. In Kolosova, V.A. and Ippolitova, A.B. (Eds.). Etnobotanika: rasteniya v yazyke i culture, 7-30. Saint Petersburg: Izd-vo "Nauka".
Kuleshova, M.E. (2000). Kulturnye landshafty: obshchie predstavleniya, ponyatiya, podkhody k otsenke [Cultural landscapes: general ideas, insights, notions, approaches to evaluation]. In Ekologicheskie problemy sokhraneniya istoricheskogo i kulturnogo naslediya, 37-52. Moscow.
Langer, R., Lüddeckens, D., Radde and Snoek, J. (2006). Transfer of ritual. Journal of Ritual Studies, 20(1), 1-10.
Maslennikov, A.V. (2008). Flora kaltsievykh landshaftov Privolzhskoi vozvyshennosti [The flora of calciferous landscapes of the Volga Upland]. Ulyanovsk.
Minca, C. (2013). The cultural geographies of landscape. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 62(1), 47-62.
Minkh, A.N. (1893). Repei v narodnykh obryadakh i pesnyakh [Bur in folk rites and songs]. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, 2, 191-192.
Nassauer, J.I. (1995). Culture and changing landscape structure. Landscape Ecology, 10(4), 229-237.
Pchelkin, Yu.A., Rakov, N.S. and Maslennikov, A.V. (2002). Floristicheskoe raionirovanie Ulyanovskoi oblasti [The floristic zoning of the Ulyanovsk Region]. Byull. Samarskaya Luka, 12, 275-280.
Polivanov, V.N. (1908). Dvadtsatipyatiletie Akshuatskogo lesorazvedeniya v Simbirskoi gubernii (1883-1908). Opyt lesovodcheskogo otcheta [The 25th anniversary of afforestation in the Simbirsk province (1883-1908). Report on forest cultivation]. Simbirsk: Gub. tip.
Potebnya, A.A. (1914). O nekotorykh simvolakh v slavyanskoi narodnoi poezii [Some symbols in the Slavic folk poetry]. Kharkov.
Rowntree, L.B. and Conkey, M.W. (1980). Symbolism and the cultural landscape. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70(4), 459-474.
Shchepanskaya, T.B. (2011). Rzhavaya merezha: k voprosu o transformatsii i variativnosti traditsionnoi kultury [Rusty drag net: the transformation and variation of traditional culture]. In Folklor i etnografiya: K devyanostoletiyu so dnya rozhdeniya K.V. Chistova: Collection of scientific works (pp. 48-61). Saint Petersburg: MAE RAN.
Shchurov, V.M. (1986). O regionalnykh traditsiyakh v russkom narodnom muzykalnom tvorchestve [On regional traditions in the Russian folk music]. In Banin, A.A. (Ed.). Muzykalnaya folkloristika: Collection of articles (Issue 3, pp. 11-47). Moscow: Sov. Kompozitor.
Shestakov, А.А. (2008). Cultural code concept in contemporary world. Spring.
Slovar russkikh narodnykh govorov [The dictionary of the Russian sub-dialects] (Issue 8: Der – Erepenitsya). (1972). Leningrad: Nauka.
Sumtsov, N.F. (1996). Simvolika slavyanskikh obryadov: Izbrannye trudy [The symbolism of Slavic rites: Selected works]. Moscow: Izdatelskaya firma "Vostochnaya literatura".
Svirida, I.I. (Ed.). (2007). Landshafty kultury. Slavyanskii mir [Cultural landscapes. The Slavic world]. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya.
Tolstaya, S.M. (2008a). Chelovek zhivet, kak trava rastet [The person's life is like grass growth]. In Prostranstvo slova. Leksicheskaya semantika v obshcheslavyanskoi perspektive (pp. 338-346). Moscow: Indrik.
Tolstaya, S.M. (2008b). Kody kultury i kulturnye kontsepty [Cultural codes and concepts]. In Prostranstvo slova: Leksicheskaya semantika v obshcheslavyanskoi perspektive, 333-337. Moscow: Indrik.
Tolstaya, S.M. (2013). Kody kultury i kulturnye kontsepty [Cultural codes and concepts]. In Slavyanskaya etnolingvistika: voprosy teorii, 109-113. Moscow: Institut slavyanovedeniya RAN.
Tolstoy, N.I. (1986). Nevestka stala v pole topolem [Bride turned into poplar free-standing in the field]. In Slavyanskii i balkanskii folklor, 39-43. Moscow.
Tolstoy, N.I. (1995). Yazyk i kultura [Language and culture]. In Yazyk i narodnaya kultura: Ocherki po slavyanskoi mifologii i etnolingvistike. Moscow: Indrik.
UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (n. d.). Cultural Landscapes. Retrieved February 12, 2019 from http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/477.
Usacheva, V.V. (1999). Kalina [Arrowwood]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 2: D-K (Kroshki), 446-448. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Vedenin, Yu.A. and Kuleshova, M.E. (2004). Kulturnye landshafty kak kategoriya naslediya [Cultural landscape as a category of heritage]. In Vedenin, Yu.A. and Kuleshova, M.E. (Eds.). Kulturnyi landshaft kak obekt naslediya. Moscow: Institut Naslediya; Saint Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin.
Vinogradova, L.N. and Usacheva, V.V. (1999a). Bereza [Birch]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 1: A-D, 156-160. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Vinogradova, L.N. and Usacheva, V.V. (1999b). Vetka [Branch]. In Tolstoy, N.I. (Ed.). The Slavic ancientries: ethnolinguistic dictionary: in five volumes. Volume 1: A-D, 364-366. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.
Zelenin, D.K. (1933). Totemicheskii kult derevev u russkikh i u belorusov [The Russian and Belarusian totemic cult of trees]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Otd. obshch. nauk, 6, 591-629.
Zorin, N.V. (2004). Russkii svadebnyi ritual [The Russian wedding tradition]. Moscow: Nauka.
Published
2019-06-25
How to Cite
Matlin, M., Maslennikov, A., Frolov, D., & Lipatova, A. (2019). Dynamics of cultural landscape (as exemplified by the functioning of conifers in wedding rites of the Ulyanovsk region). Amazonia Investiga, 8(20), 626-639. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/196
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