Political and legal aspects of the information warfare
Keywords:
Information war, misinformation, political and legal aspects, mental aggression, media development, mass media, social networks.
Abstract
This article describes the technological features of information warfare and possible lawful mechanisms to counter information attacks. The aim of the article is to analyse the political and legal features of information warfare. The tactics of the aggressor state’s behaviour in a hybrid war was substantiated using the case of the information war between Russia and Ukraine. The channels of information dissemination, which are most often used for disintegration and disinformation purposes, were studied. Problematic issues of the domestic public space that most often appear in the perspective of disinformation attacks on the Internet are determined: the activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, cooperation between Ukraine and the EU, reforms in Ukrainian society, temporarily occupied territories and annexed Crimea, corruption in Ukraine. The tactics of confrontation between countries in the information space was analysed — attempts to establish their “security belt” from other actors in international relations and to maintain their own dominant influence in certain regions by spreading misinformation. Promising areas of further research will be the analysis of the peculiarities of the national legal systems’ development in order to counter misinformation in the context of the continuous development of democracy in the world.
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References
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Snyder, T. (2010). Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books.
Stadnyk, A. (2017). Use of propaganda during information wars: nature, mechanisms and technologies of influencing public opinion. Grani, 20, 5(145), pp. 10-15.
Zozulia, O. (2020). Fake as a tool of information warfare. Legal newspaper online. Retrieved from https://yur-gazeta.com/publications/practice/inshe/feyk-yak-instrument-informaciynoyi-viyni.html
Asri, M. A. S., & Sualman, I. (2019). The perception of young adults on credibility of Facebook as a source of political information and its effects towards their political behaviour. Journal of Media and Information Warfare, 12(1), рр. 33-72.
Barabash, V. V. & Kotelenets, E. A. (2016). Information war and mediascape: theoretical aspects of current change. FSBEI HE Penza State University. Retrieved from https://izvuz_gn.pnzgu.ru/gn14316.
Batyuk, V. (2017). The US concept and practice of hybrid warfare. Strategic Analysis, 41(5), pp. 464-477. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09700161.2017.1343235?src=recsys&journalCo de=rsan20
Bennett, W., & Iyengar, S. (2010). The shifting foundations of political communication: Responding to a defense of the media effects paradigm. Journal of Communication, 60(1), pp. 35-39.
Bielawski, R., & Radomska, A. (2017). Selected models of information warfare in cyberspace. Security and Defence Quarterly, 14(1), рр. 35-50.
Bilan, M. (2016). Ukraine declares war on journalism. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/opinion/ukraine-declares-war-on-journalism.html .
Blank, S. (2016). Russia, hybrid war and the evolution of Europe. Second line of defense. Retrieved from http://www.sldinfo.com/russia-hybrid-war-and-the-evolution-of-europe
Bukkvoll, T. (2016). Russian special operations forces in Crimea and Donbas. Parameters, 46(2), pp. 13-21.
Calha, J. (2015). Hybrid warfare: NATO’s new strategic challenge? Report to NATO Parliamentary Assembly, 7 April 2015. Retrieved from https://www.nato-pa.int/sites/default/files/documents/2015%20-%20166%20DSC%2015%20E%20BIS%20-%20HYBRID%20WARFARE%20-%20CALHA%20REPORT.docx
Cassiday, J. & Johnson, E. (2016). Putin, Putiniana and the Question of a Post-Soviet Cult of Personality. The Slavonic and East European Review, 88(4), pp. 681-707. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41061898?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Decree of the President of Ukraine № 47/2017, On the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine of December 29, 2016 "On the Information Security Doctrine of Ukraine". President of Ukraine, Official online representation, February 25 2017. Retrieved from https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/472017-21374
Decree of the President of Ukraine №133/2017, On the decision of the Defense and National Security Council of Ukraine of April 28, 2017 "On the application of personal special economic measures (sanctions) and other restrictive measures", President of Ukraine, Official online representation, 15 th of May 2017. Retrieved from https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/1332017-21850
Desouza, K. C., Ahmad, A., Naseer, H., & Sharma, M. (2019). Weaponizing information systems for political disruption: The actor, lever, effects, and response taxonomy (ALERT). Computers & Security, 101606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2019.101606.
Dodonov, R. (2015). The process of pacification in Ukraine: Transdnistrian and Chechen options. East Ukrainian conflict in the context of global transformation. Vinnitsia: Nilan-LLC.
Easton, D. & Almond, G. (2016). Two political systems analysts. Awami Politics. Retrieved from https://www.awamipolitics.com/two-political-systems-analysts-david-easton-gabriel-almond-6765.html.
Galeotti, M. (2017). The ‘Gerasimov doctrine’ and Russian non-linear war. In Moscow’s shadows. Retrieved from https://inmoscowsshadows.wordpress.com/2014/07/06/the-gerasimov-doctrine-and-russian-non-linear-war/
Gerbner, G. (2018). Violence and terror in and by media. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved from http://web.asc.upenn.edu/gerbner/Asset.aspx?assetID=412
Hoffman, F. (2014). On not-so-new warfare: Political warfare vs hybrid threats. War on the rocks. Retrieved from https://warontherocks.com/2014/07/on-not-so-new-warfare-political-warfare-vs-hybrid-threats/..
Kalpokas, I. (2017). Information warfare on social media: A brand management perspective. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 10(1), pp. 35-62. https://doi.org/10.1515/bjlp-2017-0002
Karber, Ph. (2015). Russia’s hybrid war campaign, implications for Ukraine & beyond. Washington CSIS. Retrieved from https://www.csis.org/events/russian-military-forum-russias-hybrid-war-campaign-implications-ukraine-and-beyond
Kharytonov, E., Kharytonova, O., Tolmachevska, Y., Fasii, B., & Tkalych, M. (2019). Information security and means of its legal support. Amazonia Investiga, 8(19), 255-265. https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/227
Kriesi, H. (2013). Democracy in the age of globalization and mediatization (Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kurian, G. T. (2011). Legitimacy. In The Encyclopedia of Political Science (pp. 946-947). Editorial: CQ Press. https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781608712434.n891
Law No. 1207-VII. On ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens and the legal regime in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine, Legislation of Ukraine, 2014. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1207-18?lang=en#Text
Law No. 2163-VIІI, On the basic principles of cybersecurity in Ukraine, Legislation of Ukraine, 2017, Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2163-19#Text
Lilleker, D. G. (2006). Key concepts in political communication. Sage. Retrieved from https://people.unica.it/fulvioventurino/files/2015/10/LILLEKER_Key-concepts-in-political-communication.pdf.
Pazyuk, A., & Mitsik, V. (2019). Global cybersecurity culture in the international discourse: values and principles. Bulletin of the National Academy of Leading Personnel of Culture and Arts, 2, рр. 103-107.
Popescu, N. (2015). Hybrid tactics: neither new, nor only Russian. ISS European Union. Retrieved from https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/hybrid-tactics-neither-new-nor-only-russian
Qureshi, W. A. (2019). Information Warfare, international law, and the changing battlefield. Fordham International Law Journal, 43, 901-937.
Saakov, V. (2018). An expert group has been set up in the EU to combat fake news. DW Made for minds. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/uk/%D1%83-%D1%94%D1%81-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0D0%B8/a-42151697
Simons, G. (2021). The evolution of regime change and information warfare in the 21st century. Journal of International Analytics, ІІ(4), рр. 72-90.
Snegovaya, M. (2018). Russia report I. Putin’s information warfare in Ukraine. Soviet origins of Russia’s hybrid warfare. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of War.
Snyder, T. (2010). Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books.
Stadnyk, A. (2017). Use of propaganda during information wars: nature, mechanisms and technologies of influencing public opinion. Grani, 20, 5(145), pp. 10-15.
Zozulia, O. (2020). Fake as a tool of information warfare. Legal newspaper online. Retrieved from https://yur-gazeta.com/publications/practice/inshe/feyk-yak-instrument-informaciynoyi-viyni.html
Published
2021-10-29
How to Cite
Sheremet, O. S., Voluiko, O. M., Posmitna, V. V., Poda, T., & Bidzilya, Y. M. (2021). Political and legal aspects of the information warfare. Amazonia Investiga, 10(45), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.45.09.3
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