Articles
Published 2021-06-29
Keywords
- virtual currency, crypto currency, national security, ecological security, energy security, information security.
How to Cite
Kostenko, S. O., Strilchuk, V. A., Chernysh, R. F., Buchynska, A. J., & Fedoronchuk, A. V. (2021). Legal aspects of the cryptoassets market and its possible threats to the national security of Ukraine and Poland. Amazonia Investiga, 10(41), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.41.05.5
Abstract
The article studies the mainstreaming of the crypto assets’ market legal regulation on the example of Ukraine and Poland. Specifically, the notions “crypto currency” and “virtual currency” are analyzed. On the basis of dialectical method and of critical analysis of research literature, regulatory legal acts, etc. the impropriety of the stated notions’ use is proved, especially as concerns the legislative level; the specifics of the stated categories’ legal status is defined; the necessity and practicality of special regulatory legal acts approval in this sphere on the level of Ukraine and Poland is determined, for effective rights’ exercising of the corresponding relations participants, including constitutional rights.
Simultaneously, the article provides the grounds for inacceptability of adoption by Ukraine and Poland of the crypto assets’ market development by means of impelementation of varios benefits (preferences) for this market participants, because this can threaten the ecological, energy, information, and in total, national security of the given states.
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References
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D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%
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D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BA%D1%80%
D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%
BB%D1%8E%D1%82%20%D0%B2%20%D1%81%D1%82%
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D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0.pdf
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D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%
D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F/%D0%A0%D0%B5%
D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%
D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%20%D0%BC%D1%
96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%
B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%BE%D1%80%
D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%
D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9/rek%202.pdf
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Iansiti, M. and Lakhani, K.R. (2017). The Truth About Blockchain. Harvard Business Publishing. Recovered from https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-truth-about-blockchain
IRS (2014). IRS Virtual Currency Guidance: Virtual Currency Is Treated as Property for U.S. Federal Tax Purposes; General Rules for Property Transactions Apply. Recovered from https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-14-21.pdf
Kacwin, M. and Piech, K. (2017). The state of the cryptocurrency market in Poland and possible tax revenues of the state budget. Recovered from https://www.gov.pl/documents/31305/436699/
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Kostyuchenko, V., Malinovskaya, A., and Mamonova, A. (2017). Background implementing accounting and taxation of cryptocurrency in Ukraine. Economía moderna, ? 6, pp 94-102. Recovered from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/modecon_2017_6_13
Kravchuk, V., Naumenko, D. and Glybovets, A. (2012). Electronic money in Ukraine. Analytical report. Recovered from http://www.ier.com.ua/files/publications/Books/2012/3_Electronic_Money/E-money_report_APPROVED_2012-10-02_RED2.pdf
Levchuk, C. (2018). Bitcoin miners could leave Iceland without electricity. Kfund-media. Recovered from https://kfund-media.com/majnery-bitkojniv-mozhut-zalyshyty-islandiyu-bez-elektroenergiyi/
Myfin (2019). Bitcoin exchange rate chart for the whole history. Recovered from https://myfin.by/crypto-rates/chart-bitcoin
Nekit, K. (2018). Legal status of cryptocurrency in Ukraine and in the world. Legal Scientific Electronic Journal, No. 1. Recovered from http://lsej.org.ua/1_2018/12.pdf
Nogacki, R. (2019). Does mining virtual currency constitute tax income? Pit. Recovered from https://www.pit.pl/aktualnosci/czy-wykopanie-wirtualnej-waluty-stanowi-przychod-podatkowy-966558
Onyshchuk, S., Onyshchuk I., Petroye O. and Chernysh R. (2020). Financial Stability and its Impact on National Security State: Organizational and Legal Aspects. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Volume VIII(1), 353-365. Recovered from https://www.ijeba.com/journal/429
Piech, K. (2017). The basics of using digital currencies: a monograph. Warsaw: Institute of Knowledge and Innovation.
Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century: a monograph., Cambridge: Harvard University. Recovered from http://ru.economia.unam.mx/80/1/Piketty%20-%202014%20-%20Capital%20in%20the%20Twenty-First%20Century.pdf
Rethink (2018). Bitcoin mining has consumed more electricity than 159 countries. Recovered from https://rethink.com.ua/uk/news-and-events/ekologichni-problemi/mayning-bitkoinu-spozhiv-bilshe-elektroenergii-nizh-159-krain-svitu
Reyestr (2016). Decision of the Court of Appeal of the city of Kyiv dated 12.10.2016 ? 753/599/16. Recovered from http://www.reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/62052778
Rubanov, P. (2015). Distinguishing the essence of the concepts of "electronic money", "virtual money" and "cryptocurrency". Efficient economy, No. 4. Recovered from http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua/?op=1&z=6026
Saakov, V. (2017). The dirty side of the bitcoin boom. Deutsche Welle. Recovered from https://www.dw.com/uk/%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA-%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%BD-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83/a-41779935
Ukrainepravo (2018). Cryptocurrency in Ukraine and the world: regulation, legal status and taxation. Recovered from https://ukrainepravo.com/scientific-thought/legal_analyst/kryptovalyuta-v-ukrayini-ta-sviti-regulyuvannya-pravovyy-status-ta-opodatkuvannya-/
UNIAN (2019). Bitcoin consumes as much electricity as Switzerland. Recovered from https://www.unian.ua/science/10605519-bitcoin-spozhivaye-stilki-zh-elektroenergiji-yak-shveycariya.html
United Nations (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Recovered from https://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/uk/home/library/sustainable-development-report/the-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development.html
Verdictum (2016). Decision of 24.03.2016 ? 753/599/16-ts Darnytskyi District Court of Kyiv. Recovered from https://verdictum.ligazakon.net/document/56686444
Vishnevskiy, Y. (2018). Mining the problem. Is the planet threatening energy collapse because of bitcoin. Ukrrudprom. Recovered from http://ukrrudprom.com/digest/Namaynili_problemu_
Grozit_li_planete_energeticheskiy_kollaps_izz.html
Vovchenko, N., Tishchenko, E., Epifanova, T. and Gontmacher, M. (2017). Electronic currency: the potential risks to national security and methods to minimize them. European Research Studies Journal, 20(1), 36-48. Recovered from https://www.ersj.eu/repec/ers/papers/17_1_p3.pdf
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