Entrepreneurship for the elderly in Russia: situation and prospects
Keywords:
early entrepreneurship; third age; early retirement and retirement age; aging of the population; forecast.
Abstract
The increasing number of people of retirement and pre-retirement age, characteristic of Russia, requires a solution to the problem of their employment, including through the development of entrepreneurship in this population group. The objective of the study was to identify the characteristics of the activities of entrepreneurs in the elderly in Russia and the dynamics of this venture in recent years and in the future. Statistical information on the age structure of the population, as well as the corresponding demographic forecast for Russia, was used as initial data in the study. During the course of the study, the characteristics of early-age entrepreneurship were considered, their levels were evaluated for the period from 2013 to 2018. The results of the study indicate a constant decrease in the proportion of early-age entrepreneurs in the Total population of Russia from 2013 to 2018. A forecast of the potential number of start-up entrepreneurs for the future up to 2035 is proposed according to three options. Not all seniors can be senior entrepreneurs, as not everyone has the corresponding capabilities and intentions and is ready to create their own businesses.
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References
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Baron, R.A., Franklin, R.J., & Hmieleski, K.M. (2016). Why entrepreneurs often experience low, not high, levels of stress: The joint effects of selection and psychological capital. Journal of Management, 42(3), 742–768.
Bates, T. (1995). Self-Employment Entry across Industry Groups. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 143-156.
Botham, R., & Graves A. (2009). Third age entrepreneurs: innovative business start-ups in mid-life and beyond-understanding the drivers and removing the barriers. Interim report to NESTA, February.
Bulletin of the socio-economic crisis in Russia. Russia's entry into the crisis (late 2014-early 2015). Analytical center under the government of the Russian Federation. April 2015. Recuperado de: http://ac.gov.ru/files/publication/a/5479.pdf (Accessed 19 October 2020).
Burov, V. I. (2019). Improving the system of state regulation of small business in the conditions of dominance of shadow economic activity. Shadow economy, (1), 9-16.
Federal state statistics service. (2020). Demography. Recuperado de: http://old.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population/demography/# (Accessed 24 October 2020).
Fuertes, V., Egdell, V., & McQuaid, R. (2013). Extending working lives: age management in SMEs. Employee Relations, 35 (3), 272–293.
Gielnik, M. M., Zacher, H., & Wang, M. (2018). Age in the entrepre¬neurial process: the role of future time perspective and prior entrepreneurial experience. Journal Applied Psychologies, 103, 1067-1085
Gimmon, E., Yitshaki, R., & Hantman, S. (2018). Entrepreneurship in the third age: retirees’ motivation and intentions. International Journal Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 3, 267–288.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2019). Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA).
Harasty, C., & Ostermeier, M. (2020). Population ageing: Alternative measures of dependency and implications for the future of work. ILO Working Paper 5, June, 53 p.
Hollywood, E., Brown, R., Danson, M., & McQuaid, R. (2007). Demographic and labour market change: the dynamics of older workers in the Scottish labour market. Scottish Geographical Journal, 123(4), 242-256.
Karginova-Gubinova, V. V., Romashkina, Yu. V., & Prokopyev, E. A. (2018), Typology of labor behavior of third-age persons (on the example of the Republic of Karelia). Russian entrepreneurship, (10), 3231-3244.
Kashepov, A.V. (2019). Forecasting the socio-economic consequences of changes in pension legislation for the period up to 2024. Bulletin of the Russian new University. Series " Man and society", (1), 57-66.
Kautonen, T., Down, S., & Minniti, M. (2013). Ageing and entrepreneurial preferences. Small Business Economics, 42(3), 579–594.
Kautonen, T. (2008). Understanding the older entrepreneur: Comparing third age and prime age entrepreneurs in Finland. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 3(3), 3-13.
Kibler, E., Wainwright, T., Blackburn, R., & Kautonen, T. (2012). Under pressure: differentiation in older entrepreneur motivations, emotions and mentoring. In 35th Institute for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (ISBE) Annual Conference, Dublin, IE.
Kiseleva, O., Lebedev, A., Pinkovetskaia, I., Rojas-Bahamón, M., & Arbeláez-Campillo, D. (2019). Specialization and concentration of small and medium enterprises employees: Russian data. Amazonia Investiga, 8(20), 6-15. Recuperado de https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/59
Kolesnikova, O. A. (2019), Elderly people in the labor market. Bulletin of the Voronezh Institute of high technologies, 1(28), 165-168.
khaleghkhah, A., Zahed babelan, A., & karimianpour, G. (2019). Prediction of job engagement of teachers based on psychological capital and psychological hardiness. Revista De La Universidad Del Zulia, 8(22), 33-47. Recuperado a partir de https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rluz/article/view/29872
Kraus, S., & Bouncken, R. B. (2014). Senior entrepreneurship: definitions and underlying theories. International Journal of Business Research, 14(3), 209-215.
Loretto, W. (2010). Work and retirement in an ageing world: the case of older workers in the UK. Journal of the Academy of Social Sciences, 5(3), 279–294.
Maestas, N., & Zissimopoulos, J. (2010). How Longer Working Lives Ease the Crunch of Population Ageing. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(1). 139–160.
National report. (2017). Global entrepreneurship monitor. Russia 2016/2017. O. R. Verkhovskaya, E. A. Alexandrova, K. A. Bogatyreva, M. V. Dzhelepova, E. V. Shmeleva. Higher school of management of Saint Petersburg state University. Recuperado de smb.gov.ru/files/images/gem_russia_2016-2017.pdf (Accessed 24 November 2020).
Novikov, S., & Prosvirina, N. (2019). Сlusters classification in the modern innovation economy. Amazonia Investiga, 8(19), 620-630. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/277
Novikov, S.V. (2019). Problems of the Russian economy integration in the sphere of high-tech global space, TEM J., 8(1), pp. 207–210.
Popova, L. A., & Zorina, E. N. (2016). Standard of living and resource potential of pensioners in the Northern regions of Russia. Region: Economics and sociology, 1(89), 135-158.
Potekhina, I. P., & Chizhov, D. V. (2016). The potential of the older generation as a component of the national human capital (based on research in the regions of the CFD). Monitoring of public opinion. Economic and social changes, (2), 3-23.
Smirnova, A.V. (2019). Involvement of older people in entrepreneurial activity in connection with the pension reform of the Russian Federation. Management of economic systems: electronic scientific journal, 1(119), 1-10.
Soto-Simeone, A., & Kautonen, T. (2020). Senior entrepreneurship following unemployment: a social identity theory perspective. Review of Managerial Science. May, 1-40.
Strategy for actions in the interests of older citizens in the Russian Federation until 2025: decree Of the Government of the Russian Federation of 5 February 2016. № 164-r.
Strategy for the development of small and medium entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030: Government Decree No. 1083-R of June 2, 2016. Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation, 2016, N° 24, 3549.
Thorgren, S., Sirén, C., Nordström, C., & Wincent J. (2016). Hybrid entrepreneurs’ second-step choise: The nonlinear relationship between age and intention to enter full-time entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 5, 14-18.
Zhang, T. (2014). Elderly Entrepreneurship in an Aging US Economy: It's Never Too Late, World Scientific Books, World Scientific Publishing Company. 284.
World Population Ageing (2019). Highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. United Nations. New York, 46.
Published
2021-05-05
How to Cite
Pinkovetskaia, I., Arbeláez-Campillo, D. F., Rojas-Bahamón, M. J., & Sverdlikova, E. (2021). Entrepreneurship for the elderly in Russia: situation and prospects. Amazonia Investiga, 10(39), 94-101. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.39.03.9
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