Applying Technologies of Distributed Registries and Blockchains in Popular Voting and Lawmaking: Key Methods and Main Problems
Keywords:
Blockchain, distributed communication systems, distributed ledger technologies, distributed registers, the rule of people, election, popular voting, electronic voting, digital economy.
Abstract
Being a driving force behind the development of various social relations, the intensification of modern technologies forms new conditions for modernizing democratic institutions. Different innovations in the field of digital communications affect mechanisms for the realization of political rights and freedoms of a person and citizen, transform activities of public authorities and tools of their interaction with civil society institutions. In these conditions, innovations influence even traditional areas, including popular voting and lawmaking. The active introduction of distributed registry technologies affected the development of new methodological approaches and reformed the organization of elections. This technology has widespread use due to blockchain technology. Although it was initially considered as an element of development in the information and financial spheres, now blockchain is gradually entering other spheres of human activity, including political, due to the high degree of security and confidentiality. This paper analyzes the global practice of using this technology in popular voting and legislative procedures. The authors of the article consider technical solutions applied in the most rapidly growing projects aimed to develop their own software for conducting electronic election powered by a blockchain technology. Special attention is paid to the legal security of voting by secret ballot and the identification of voters in the conditions of applying these technologies.
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Ayed, A.B. (2017). A conceptual secure blockchain-based electronic voting system. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications, 9(3).
Baran, P. (1964). On Distributed Communications. Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_memoranda/2006/RM3420.pdf
Blockchain based voting system. (n.d.). Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: https://github.com/dsx-tech/e-voting
Blokchein kak instrument elektronnoi demokratii. Eksperimenty v Rossii, Ukraine, SShA, Velikobritanii [Blockchain as a means of digital democracy. Experiments in Russia, Ukraine, the USA and Great Britain]. (April 30, 2016). RosKomSvoboda. Retrieved March 1, 2017 from: https://rublacklist.net/16556/
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Boule. (n.d.). Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: https://www.boule.one/#about
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Electronic Democracy: ("e-democracy"). (February 18, 2009). Recommendation CM/Rec. Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe and Explanatory Memorandum.
E-Petitioner. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2017 From: http://www.parliament.scot/gettinginvolved/petitions/
Epititionen. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from: https://epetitionen.bundestag.de/
Factom official website. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from: https://www.factom.com/
Follow my vote. (n.d.). Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: https://followmyvote.com
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NRD uspeshno protestiroval prototip elektronnogo golosovaniya na osnove blokcheina // Natsionalnyi raschetnyi depozitarii [The National Settlement Depository has successfully tested a blockchain-based prototype of electronic voting]. (April 28, 2016). The
National Settlement Depository. Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: https://www.nsd.ru/ru/press/pressrel/index.php?id36=628973
Ofitsialnyi sait politicheskoi partii "Liberalnyi Alyans" [The official website of political party "Liberal Alliance"]. Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: https://www.liberalalliance.dk/
Polys. (n.d.). Retrieved January 30, 2019 from: https://polys.me/ru/use_cases/political
Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federalnomu Sobraniyu RF [Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly]. (March 1 2018). The official website of President of Russia. Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/56957
Prins, C., Cuijpers, C., Lindseth, P.L., Rosina, М. (2017). Digital Democracy in a Globalized World. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Ronfeldt, D. (1998). Cyborocracy is coming. Retrieved from: http://www.live.lived/sumeria/politics/sider.html
Rossiiskaya obshchestvennaya initsiativa [The Russian non-government initiative]. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from: https://www.roi.ru
The Flux Party. (n.d.). Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: https://voteflux.org/about/how/
The official website "E-Petitions". (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from: https://petition.parliament.uk/
uPort. (n.d.). Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: https://www.uport.me/#about
V Serra-Leone proshli pervye v mire prezidentskie vybory s ispolzovaniem tekhnologii blokchein [Sierra Leone has become the first country in the world to hold a blockchain-powered presidential election]. (March 9, 2018). Retrieved July 3, 2018 from: https://forklog.com/v-serra-leone-proshli-pervye-v-mire-prezidentskie-vybory-s-ispolzovaniem-tehnologii-blokchejn/
Voatz. (n.d.). Retrieved January 30, 2019 from: https://voatz.com
VotoSocial.org: towards an e-voting system that people can trust. (n.d.). Retrieved January 30, 2019 from https://medium.com/@jagbolanos/votosocial-org-towards-an-e-voting-system-that-people-can-trust-ad85be53be19
We the people. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from: https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/
Zavershilas nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya TsIK Rossii "Vybory. Segodnya i zavtra" [The scientific conference held by the Central Electoral Commission of Russia "Election. Today and tomorrow" has ended]. (October 29, 2018). Retrieved January 30, 2019 from: http://cikrf.ru/news/cec/41020/
Published
2019-06-25
How to Cite
Zenin, S., Kuteynikov, D., Izhaev, O., & Yapryntsev, I. (2019). Applying Technologies of Distributed Registries and Blockchains in Popular Voting and Lawmaking: Key Methods and Main Problems. Amazonia Investiga, 8(20), 330-339. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/147
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