The principles of criminal law in the aspect of protection of constitutional rights of citizens
Keywords:
criminal law protection of confidentiality of correspondence, communications, computer, confidential information of personal nature, IMEI, MAC address, IP address.
Abstract
Description. The purpose of the article is to identify the subject of crimes related to the violation of confidentiality of telephone conversations transmitted by means of communication or through a computer, to qualify the criminal activity properly and to distinguish them from other crimes and misdemeanors. The purpose of the article also covers the issues of the principles of criminal law, which can solve the problems of formulating certain rules of the law on criminal liability, designed to protect the constitutional rights and freedoms of an individual. Methodology. In the course of the study general and special methods of the legal science were used: comparative and legal method; formal and dogmatic method; dialectical method; statistical method. The results of the study made it possible to identify the areas for improving the principles of criminal law for breach of confidentiality of correspondence, telephone, telegraph or other kinds of correspondence transmitted by means of communication or through the computer, and the areas of international cooperation in this area. Practical implications. According to the results of the research, some proposals were made for a more precise formulation of the characteristics of the object as well as the elements of the objective element of the crime under consideration. Value / originality. Based on the authors’ approach to identifying the subject matter of a crime, which involves liability for violation of confidentiality of correspondence, telephone conversations, telegraph or other correspondence transmitted by means of communication or through a computer, it was determined what features of the subject matter of the crime in question should be recorded in laws and what principles of criminal law can solve the task set by the study.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Agrast, M., Botero, J. & Ponce, A. (2011). WJP Rule of Law Index 2011. Washington, D.C.: The World Justice Project.
Case of Airey v Ireland (Application no. 6289/73) of 09 October 1979. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57420%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Amann v. Switzerland (Application no. 27798/95) of 16 February 2000. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-58497%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of K.U. v. Finland (Application no. 2872/02) of 02 March 2009. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-89964%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Leander v. Sweden (Application no. 9248/81) of 26 March 1987. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57519%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of M. C. v. Bulgaria (Application no. 39272/98) of 04 December 2003. Available from https://www.coe.int/t/dg2/equality/domesticviolencecampaign/resources/M.C.v.BULGARIA_en.asp (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Nimitz v. Germany (Application no. 13710/88) of 16 December 1992. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57887%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Peck v. The United Kingdom (Application no. 44647/98) of 28 April 2003. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-60898%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of PJ and JH v. The United Kingdom (Application no. 44787/98) of 25 September 2001. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-59665%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of S. And Marper v. The United Kindgom (Applications nos. 30562/04 and 30566/04) of 4 December 2008. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-90051%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Sciacca v. Italy (Application no. 50774/99) of 11 January 2005. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-67930%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Uzun v. Germany (Application no. 35623/05) of 2 September 2010 Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-100293%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of X and Y v. The Netherlands (Application no. 8978/80) of 26 March 1985. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57420%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14 supplemented by Protocols Nos. 1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13 and 16. Available from https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Dzhuzha, O. M., Savchenko, A. V., Cherniei, V. V., eds. (2016). Scientific and Practical Commentary to the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Kyiv: Yurinkom Inter.
Fourth Section Decision as to Admissibility of Application no. 36505/02 by Carl Wade August against the United Kingdom. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-23012%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Instruction “On organizing unspoken investigative (search) actions and using their results in criminal proceedings” of November 16, 2012 no. 114/1042/516/1199/936/1687/5. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0114900-12 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Judgment of Irpin City Court of Kyiv Region, case no. 367/1464/18. Available from https://ip.ko.court.gov.ua/sud1013/ (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Judgment of Prydniprovskyi District Court of Cherkasy of April 25, 2016, case no. 711/1912/13-k. Available from https://youcontrol.com.ua/ru/catalog/court-document/57378042/ (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Judgment of Prydniprovskyi District Court of Cherkasy of March 23, 2017, case no. 711/10887/16-k. Available from https://youcontrol.com.ua/catalog/court-document/65598556/ (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Kondratov, D.Yu. (2012). The questions of qualifications of violation of privacy of correspondence, public-call talks, telegraph or other correspondence, that passed communication means or through a computer. Public Law, 3 (7), 144 – 150.
Kondratov, D.Yu. (2015). Correspondence Secrecy as the Crime Object Under the Art. 163 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Bulletin of the Criminological Association of Ukraine, 1 (9), 94-107.
Law of Ukraine (1997). On Ratification of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, the First Protocol and Protocols Nos. 2, 4, 7 and 11 to the Convention” of July 11, 1997 no. 475/97-VR. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/475/97-%D0%B2%D1%80 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Law of Ukraine (2003). On Telecommunications of November 18, 2003 no. 1280-IV. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1280-15 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine (2006). On the Enforcement of Judgments and the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights of February 23, 2006 no. 3477-IV. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3477-15 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (1984). The Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses of December 07, 1984 no. 80731-X. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/80731-10 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (1996). The Constitution of Ukraine of June 28, 1996 no. 254k/96-VR. Available from http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/Z960254K.html (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (2001). Criminal Code of Ukraine of April 05, 2001 no. 2341-III. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (2003). The Civil Code of Ukraine of January 16, 2003 no. 435-IV. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (2003). The Penal Code of Ukraine as of July 11, 2003 no. 1129-IV. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1129-15 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (2012). Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine of April 13, 2012 no. 4651-VI. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Malone v. The United Kingdom (Application no. 8691/79) of 02 August 1984. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57533%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (2008). Order to receive information on the subscribers of mobile communication operators, its processing, accounting and use, of February 12, 2008 no. 64. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1117-13 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Order of the Security Service of Ukraine (2016). Regulation on the automated information and reference system of the Department of Operational and Technical Measures of the Security Service of Ukraine of April 26, 2016 no. 026. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0910-19 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
United Nations General Assembly (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights of December 10, 1948. Available from https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ (accessed: 24.02.2020).
United Nations (2007). United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts. New-York: United Nations Publication.
Yednak, I. (2017). Structural peculiarities of the art. 163 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine «The confidentiality violation of mailing, phone calls, telegraphic or other kinds of correspondence that are sent via mass media or computer. Actual Problems of Law Issue 3 (11), 148 – 154.
Case of Airey v Ireland (Application no. 6289/73) of 09 October 1979. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57420%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Amann v. Switzerland (Application no. 27798/95) of 16 February 2000. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-58497%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of K.U. v. Finland (Application no. 2872/02) of 02 March 2009. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-89964%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Leander v. Sweden (Application no. 9248/81) of 26 March 1987. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57519%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of M. C. v. Bulgaria (Application no. 39272/98) of 04 December 2003. Available from https://www.coe.int/t/dg2/equality/domesticviolencecampaign/resources/M.C.v.BULGARIA_en.asp (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Nimitz v. Germany (Application no. 13710/88) of 16 December 1992. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57887%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Peck v. The United Kingdom (Application no. 44647/98) of 28 April 2003. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-60898%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of PJ and JH v. The United Kingdom (Application no. 44787/98) of 25 September 2001. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-59665%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of S. And Marper v. The United Kindgom (Applications nos. 30562/04 and 30566/04) of 4 December 2008. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-90051%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Sciacca v. Italy (Application no. 50774/99) of 11 January 2005. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-67930%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of Uzun v. Germany (Application no. 35623/05) of 2 September 2010 Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-100293%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Case of X and Y v. The Netherlands (Application no. 8978/80) of 26 March 1985. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57420%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14 supplemented by Protocols Nos. 1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13 and 16. Available from https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Dzhuzha, O. M., Savchenko, A. V., Cherniei, V. V., eds. (2016). Scientific and Practical Commentary to the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Kyiv: Yurinkom Inter.
Fourth Section Decision as to Admissibility of Application no. 36505/02 by Carl Wade August against the United Kingdom. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-23012%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Instruction “On organizing unspoken investigative (search) actions and using their results in criminal proceedings” of November 16, 2012 no. 114/1042/516/1199/936/1687/5. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0114900-12 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Judgment of Irpin City Court of Kyiv Region, case no. 367/1464/18. Available from https://ip.ko.court.gov.ua/sud1013/ (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Judgment of Prydniprovskyi District Court of Cherkasy of April 25, 2016, case no. 711/1912/13-k. Available from https://youcontrol.com.ua/ru/catalog/court-document/57378042/ (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Judgment of Prydniprovskyi District Court of Cherkasy of March 23, 2017, case no. 711/10887/16-k. Available from https://youcontrol.com.ua/catalog/court-document/65598556/ (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Kondratov, D.Yu. (2012). The questions of qualifications of violation of privacy of correspondence, public-call talks, telegraph or other correspondence, that passed communication means or through a computer. Public Law, 3 (7), 144 – 150.
Kondratov, D.Yu. (2015). Correspondence Secrecy as the Crime Object Under the Art. 163 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Bulletin of the Criminological Association of Ukraine, 1 (9), 94-107.
Law of Ukraine (1997). On Ratification of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, the First Protocol and Protocols Nos. 2, 4, 7 and 11 to the Convention” of July 11, 1997 no. 475/97-VR. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/475/97-%D0%B2%D1%80 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Law of Ukraine (2003). On Telecommunications of November 18, 2003 no. 1280-IV. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1280-15 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine (2006). On the Enforcement of Judgments and the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights of February 23, 2006 no. 3477-IV. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3477-15 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (1984). The Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses of December 07, 1984 no. 80731-X. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/80731-10 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (1996). The Constitution of Ukraine of June 28, 1996 no. 254k/96-VR. Available from http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/Z960254K.html (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (2001). Criminal Code of Ukraine of April 05, 2001 no. 2341-III. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (2003). The Civil Code of Ukraine of January 16, 2003 no. 435-IV. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (2003). The Penal Code of Ukraine as of July 11, 2003 no. 1129-IV. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1129-15 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Law of Ukraine. (2012). Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine of April 13, 2012 no. 4651-VI. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17 (accessed: 11.03.2020).
Malone v. The United Kingdom (Application no. 8691/79) of 02 August 1984. Available from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57533%22]} (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (2008). Order to receive information on the subscribers of mobile communication operators, its processing, accounting and use, of February 12, 2008 no. 64. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1117-13 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
Order of the Security Service of Ukraine (2016). Regulation on the automated information and reference system of the Department of Operational and Technical Measures of the Security Service of Ukraine of April 26, 2016 no. 026. Available from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0910-19 (accessed: 24.02.2020).
United Nations General Assembly (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights of December 10, 1948. Available from https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ (accessed: 24.02.2020).
United Nations (2007). United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts. New-York: United Nations Publication.
Yednak, I. (2017). Structural peculiarities of the art. 163 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine «The confidentiality violation of mailing, phone calls, telegraphic or other kinds of correspondence that are sent via mass media or computer. Actual Problems of Law Issue 3 (11), 148 – 154.
Published
2020-03-21
How to Cite
Oliinyk, O., Farynyk, V., Vozniuk, A., Volobuieva, O., & Beryslavska, O. (2020). The principles of criminal law in the aspect of protection of constitutional rights of citizens. Amazonia Investiga, 9(27), 445-459. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.27.03.49
Issue
Section
Articles
.gif)
