Impact of Intangible Characteristics of Universities on Student Satisfaction
Keywords:
University selection, Student satisfaction, partial least square
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of the intangible qualities of the universities on student satisfaction. To do this, we have collected data from 7 different major public and private universities of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. We have used 170 data to proposed further analysis. The partial least square method (PLS) was used to test the hypothesis. The results reveal that career opportunities and a friendly atmosphere are the main two elements that foster the reputation of the universities. The second interesting result of this research is that social activities impact the reputation of universities but not the friendly atmosphere while social activities impact a friendly atmosphere but not the reputation significantly. Finally, we have suggested the implications to the practitioners in the region.
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References
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Chin, W. W., & Newsted, P. R. (1999). Structural equation modeling analysis with small samples using partial least squares. Statistical strategies for small sample research, 1(1), 307-341.
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Demir, A. (2019a). A Benchmarking of Service Quality in Telecommunication Services: Case Study in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies, 5(3), 216-231.
Demir, A., & Budur, T. (2019). Roles of Leadership Styles in Corporate Social Responsibility to Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(4), 174-183
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Kotler, P. (1976). Applying marketing theory to college admissions. A Role for Marketing in College Admissions, 54-72.
Kotler, P., & Fox, K. F. (1995). Strategic marketing for educational institutions. Prentice Hall.
Montilla, J. M. (2004). The construct validation of an instrument based on students’ university choice and their perceptions of professor effectiveness and academic reputation at the University of Los Andes.
Moogan, Y. J., Baron, S., & Harris, K. (1999). Decision‐making behaviour of potential higher education students. Higher Education Quarterly, 53(3), 211-228.
Munisamy, S., Jaafar, N. I. M., & Nagaraj, S. (2014). Does reputation matter? Case study of undergraduate choice at a premier university. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 23(3), 451-462
Need, A., & De Jong, U. (2001). Educational differentials in the Netherlands: Testing rational action theory. Rationality and Society, 13(1), 71-98.
Patton, H. L. (2000). How administrators can influence student university selection criteria. Higher Education in Europe, 25(3), 345-350.
Poturak, M. (2014). Private universities service quality and students satisfaction. Global Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(2), 33-49.
Sahin, O., & Singh, U. S. (2017). A Literary Excavation of University Brand Image Past to Present. International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies, 3(3), 174-187.
Sherry, M., Thomas, P., & Chui, W. H. (2010). International students: A vulnerable student population. Higher education, 60(1), 33-46.
Shurden, S. B., Santandreu, J., & Shurden, M. C. (2010). How student perceptions of ethics can lead to future business behavior. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 13(1), 117-127.
Singell Jr, L. D. (2004). Come and stay a while: does financial aid effect retention conditioned on enrollment at a large public university? Economics of Education review, 23(5), 459-471.
Torlak, N. G., Demir, A., & Budur, T. (2019). Impact of operations management strategies on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions at café-restaurants. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
Veloutsou, C., Lewis, J. W., & Paton, R. A. (2004). University selection: information requirements and importance. International Journal of Educational Management, 18(3), 160-171.
Wan, Y. W., Allen, G. I., & Liu, Z. (2015). TCGA2STAT: simple TCGA data access for integrated statistical analysis in R. Bioinformatics, 32(6), 952-954.
Athiyaman, A. (1997). Linking student satisfaction and service quality perceptions: the case of university education. European journal of marketing, 31(7), 528-540.
Barclay, D., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least squares (PLS) approach to casual modeling: personal computer adoption ans use as an Illustration.
Browne, B. A., Kaldenberg, D. O., Browne, W. G., & Brown, D. J. (1998). Student as customer: Factors affecting satisfaction and assessments of institutional quality. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 8(3), 1-14.
Budur, T. B. (2018). Analytic Hierarchy Process to Evaluate Corporate Image, Trust, and Switching Cost of GSM Operators: A Case of Kurdistan Region of Iraq. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(2), 241-250.
Budur, T., & Demir, A. (2019a). Leadership Effects on Employee Perception about CSR in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(4), 184-192.
Budur, T., & Demir, A. (2019b). Leadership Perceptions Based on Gender, Experience, and Education. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 6(1), 142-154.
Budur, T., Faraj, K. M., & Karim, L. A. (2019c). The Benchmarking Operations Strategies via Hybrid Model: A Case study of Café-Restaurant Sector. Amazonia Investiga, 8(23), 842-854.
Budur, T., Rashid, C. A., & Poturak, M. (2018). Students perceptions on university selection, decision making process: A case study in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(1), 133-144.
Chapman, D. W. (1981). A model of student college choice. The Journal of Higher Education, 52(5), 490-505.
Cheong Cheng, Y., & Ming Tam, W. (1997). Multi-models of quality in education. Quality assurance in Education, 5(1), 22-31.
Chin, W. W., & Newsted, P. R. (1999). Structural equation modeling analysis with small samples using partial least squares. Statistical strategies for small sample research, 1(1), 307-341.
Demir, A. (2017). Importance of data analysis on achieving the organizational goals during the short-term strategic plan: case of service quality and students’ satisfaction level at Ishik University. International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies, 3(3), 110-121.
Demir, A. (2019a). A Benchmarking of Service Quality in Telecommunication Services: Case Study in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies, 5(3), 216-231.
Demir, A., & Budur, T. (2019). Roles of Leadership Styles in Corporate Social Responsibility to Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(4), 174-183
Demir, A. (2019b). THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECISIONS ON SHOPPERS'WELLBEING. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 24(1).
Demir, A., & Aydinli, C. (2016). Exploring the Quality Dimensions of Mobile Instant Messaging Applications and Effects of Them on Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Computer Theory and Applications, 9(22), 1-15.
Demir, A., & Guven, S. (2017). The influence of ISO certificate on quality evaluation of students: a case study at Ishik University. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(3).
Demir, A., & Mukhlis, M. (2017). An evaluation of gated communities as a product: An empirical study in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 12(3), 63-84.
Elliott, K. M., & Healy, M. A. (2001). Key factors influencing student satisfaction related to recruitment and retention. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 10(4), 1-11.
Enders, J., De Weert, E., & de Weert, E. (Eds.). (2009). The changing face of academic life: Analytical and comparative perspectives. Springer.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
Gatfield, T., Barker, M., & Graham, P. (1999). Measuring student quality variables and the implications for management practices in higher education institutions: An Australian and international student perspective. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 21(2), 239-252
Hartman, D. E., & Schmidt, S. L. (1995). Understanding student/alumni satisfaction from a consumer's perspective: The effects of institutional performance and program outcomes. Research in Higher Education, 36(2), 197-217.
Hushyar Sherwani, K. (2018). Comparative Analysis of National University Ranking System in Kurdistan-Region and Other National University Rankings: An Emphasis on Criteria and Methodologies. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(1), 7-15.
Igbaria, M., Guimaraes, T., & Davis, G. B. (1995). Testing the determinants of microcomputer usage via a structural equation model. Journal of management information systems, 11(4), 87-114.
Jaf, K., Muhammed, P., & Omer, A. (2019). Provider–Customer Perceptions in Service Quality: A Gap Analysis at Ishik University, Sulaimani, Iraq. Manag Econ Res J, 5(2019), 10942.
James, R., Baldwin, G., & McInnis, C. (1999). Which University? The factors influencing the choices of prospective undergraduates (Vol. 99, No. 3). Canberra: Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs.
Kotler, P. (1976). Applying marketing theory to college admissions. A Role for Marketing in College Admissions, 54-72.
Kotler, P., & Fox, K. F. (1995). Strategic marketing for educational institutions. Prentice Hall.
Montilla, J. M. (2004). The construct validation of an instrument based on students’ university choice and their perceptions of professor effectiveness and academic reputation at the University of Los Andes.
Moogan, Y. J., Baron, S., & Harris, K. (1999). Decision‐making behaviour of potential higher education students. Higher Education Quarterly, 53(3), 211-228.
Munisamy, S., Jaafar, N. I. M., & Nagaraj, S. (2014). Does reputation matter? Case study of undergraduate choice at a premier university. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 23(3), 451-462
Need, A., & De Jong, U. (2001). Educational differentials in the Netherlands: Testing rational action theory. Rationality and Society, 13(1), 71-98.
Patton, H. L. (2000). How administrators can influence student university selection criteria. Higher Education in Europe, 25(3), 345-350.
Poturak, M. (2014). Private universities service quality and students satisfaction. Global Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(2), 33-49.
Sahin, O., & Singh, U. S. (2017). A Literary Excavation of University Brand Image Past to Present. International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies, 3(3), 174-187.
Sherry, M., Thomas, P., & Chui, W. H. (2010). International students: A vulnerable student population. Higher education, 60(1), 33-46.
Shurden, S. B., Santandreu, J., & Shurden, M. C. (2010). How student perceptions of ethics can lead to future business behavior. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 13(1), 117-127.
Singell Jr, L. D. (2004). Come and stay a while: does financial aid effect retention conditioned on enrollment at a large public university? Economics of Education review, 23(5), 459-471.
Torlak, N. G., Demir, A., & Budur, T. (2019). Impact of operations management strategies on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions at café-restaurants. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
Veloutsou, C., Lewis, J. W., & Paton, R. A. (2004). University selection: information requirements and importance. International Journal of Educational Management, 18(3), 160-171.
Wan, Y. W., Allen, G. I., & Liu, Z. (2015). TCGA2STAT: simple TCGA data access for integrated statistical analysis in R. Bioinformatics, 32(6), 952-954.
Published
2020-02-21
How to Cite
Sabbah Khan, N. U., & Yildiz, Y. (2020). Impact of Intangible Characteristics of Universities on Student Satisfaction. Amazonia Investiga, 9(26), 105-116. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.26.02.12
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