Simulation of Pedestrian Behaviour As Design Criteria For University Teaching Buildings
Keywords:
Built environment, simulation model, university campus, walkability, walking behaviour
Abstract
Pedestrian movement in the built environment is clearly shaped by the nature of a particular environment, with human behaviour shaped by the design of structures. To understand and analyse pedestrian behaviour while moving in open spaces at a very fine scale, simulation modelling is an essential tool. The aim of this paper is to study the impacts of the built environment on pedestrian behaviour and to understand the ways people walk on university campuses. Further, another aim of the study is to show through our simulation model how physical variables affect pedestrian behaviour and thus establish criteria for designing walkable campuses. In a first step, through video recordings, pedestrians were observed walking from the gates of a university campus to teaching buildings. The recorded data was then transformed into numerical values such as speed, delay, and walking type. In a second step, data about campuses were collected, such as walkway length, width and level, and number of pedestrian walkway intersections. Nest, using multiple regression, a mathematical simulation model was designed to test environmental impacts on walking behaviour. In this way, the impacts of the built environment on pedestrian behaviour were revealed.
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Sadock, B., Sadock, V. (2007) Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioural Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
Aveni, A. (1977) The Not-So-Lonely Crowd: Friendship Groups in Collective Behavior. Sociometry 40, pp. 96–99.
Capolongo, S.; Bu_oli, M. & Oppio, A. 2015. How to assess the effects of urban plans on environment and health. Territorio. 73, pp. 145–151.
Choi, Eunyoung (2014) Walkability and the complexity of walking behaviour. ITU AIZ, Vol 11, No. 2, pp. 87-99
Cleland, V.J., Timperio A. and Crawford D. (2008) Are perceptions of the physical and social environment associated with mothers walking for leisure and for transport? A longitudinal study. Preventive Medicine, 47(2), pp. 188-193.
Coleman JS, James J (1961) The equilibrium size distribution of freely-forming groups. Sociometry 24, pp. 36–45.
Daamen, W. and Hoogendoorn, S.P. (2003). Experimental research of pedestrian walking behaviour. Transportation Research Record, 1828, pp. 20-30.
Moussaidd M, Perozo N, Garnier S, Helbing D, Theraulaz G (2010) The Walking Behaviour of Pedestrian Social Groups and Its Impact on Crowd Dynamics. PLOS ONE, Volume 5, issue (4): e10047. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010047
O’Connor, Shawn M. and Donelan, J. Maxwel. (2011) Fast visual prediction and slow optimization of preferred walking speed. 1st published in J Neurophysiol 107, pp. 2549-2559, 2012. Doi:10.1152/jn.00866.
Rebecchi, A.; Buffoli, M.; Dettori, M.; Appolloni, L.; Azara, A.; Castiglia, P.; D’Alessandro, D. & Capolongo, S. 2019. Walkable Environments and Healthy Urban Moves: Urban Context Features Assessment Framework Experienced in Milan. Sustainability. 11: 2778 doi:10.3390/su11102778, www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
Sallis, J.F. Measuring physical activity environments: a brief history. In Am J Prev Med. 2009 Apr; 36(4 Suppl) , pp. 86-92. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.002.
Southworth, M. (2005). Designing the walkable city, Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 131(4) , pp. 246-257.
Shelton T. (2008) Visualizing sustainability in urban conditions, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 1, pp. 253-262, Paper DOI: 10.2495/ARC080251
Zakaria, Rozana; Moayedi, Farzaneh; Bigah, Yeoh; Mustafar, Mushairry; Che Puan, Othman; Safitri Zin, Irina and Klufallah, Mustafa M. A. (2013). Conceptualising the Indicators of Walkability for Sustainable Transportation. In JurnalTeknologi (Sciences & Engineering) 65:3, pp. 85–90
Abley, Steve. 2010. Predicting Walkability. Walkability Scoping Paper, Living Streets Aotearoa (LSA)”, Walking Conference, James Cook Hotel Grand Chancellor, Wellington New Zealand, pp.1-10. https://www.livingstreets.org.nz/sites/default/files/Steve%20Abley%20%20Predicting%20Walkability%20-%20Abstract%20and%20Paper.pdf\
(2017) : Authors paper in conference
Lo, R. H. (2011). Walkability Planning in Jakarta, PhD. Dissertation in City and Regional Planning in the University of California. Berkeley
Mohamaddan, S. (2010). Human walking behaviour based on different layout design using computer animation. Master Thesis, Sarawak: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
Seilo P. (2004). Walkability and Urban Form: A GIS-Based Analysis of Nodal Development Areas in The Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Area, Thesis - Department of Planning, Public Policy and Management and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon
Therakomen, P. (2001). Mouse class, The Experiments for Exploring Dynamic Behaviours in Urban Places. Master of Architecture thesis, university of Washington
Christian, Stephanie; Cochrane Shea, Creelman Michael, d'Apollonia Lesley, Talbot Geoff and Wiggins Marci. (2010). Studley Campus Walkability Assessment EVNS 3502: Final Reports, Dalhousie University.
Livi A.D. and Clifton K. J. (2004). Issues and Methods in Capturing Pedestrian Behaviours, Attitudes and Perceptions: Experiences with a Community Based Walkability Survey, Transportation Research Board, Annual meeting.
Tier, A., Wiitala, C., Domokos, S. (2014). Walkability on University Avenue. Report on the walkability of Dalhousie University Studley campus.
NACTO; The National Association of City Transportation Official (2009). Design Guidelines for Streets and Sidewalks, Chapter 10: Pedestrian Facility Design, USA
WSDOT (Washington State Department of Transportation) (2016). Design Manual M 22-01.13, Engineering and Regional Operations Development Division, Design Office
UOS; University of Sulaimani. (2002). The University of Sulaimani, Prospectus: Academic year 2001-2002” Published by: Sulaimani University Press
UOS; University of Sulaimani. (2017). Directorate of Building Construction- Presidency of Sulaimani University. Master plans of the old and new campuses are gained from the design department of this directorate.
Published
2020-02-21
How to Cite
Abdullah, W., & Al-Qemaqchi, N. (2020). Simulation of Pedestrian Behaviour As Design Criteria For University Teaching Buildings. Amazonia Investiga, 9(26), 134-145. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.26.02.15
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