Comparison of the concentration of heavy metals in some vegetables (celery, broccoli and lettuce)
Keywords:
Accumulation, Heavy metals, Vegetables, FAO
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is one of the main environmental and food safety concerns. This study was conducted with the objective of determining the concentration of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and iron in stems and leaves in various vegetables (celery, broccoli and lettuce) in Shiraz. The metal concentrations in the vegetable samples were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results for the vegetable samples showed that the leaves contained much higher concentrations of heavy metals. The concentrations of Cd detected in the vegetable samples varied from a very low infection to 0.0025 mg / kg; very low infection at 0.51 mg / kg Pb; 0.93 to 2.91 mg / kg Cu. 1.44 to 9.69 mg / kg Zn and 2.54 to 11.05mg / kg Fe. The findings of this study indicated that although most of the sampling plants were contaminated, except for lettuce, other crops have an EDI below the Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) recommended by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran and the FAO / WHO.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Amodio-Cocchieri, R., & Fiore, P. (1987). Lead and cadmium concentrations in livestock bred in Campania, Italy. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 39(3), 460-464.
AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC.14th ed. Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Appleton, J. D., Fuge, R., & McCall, G. J. H. (1996). Environmental geochemistry and health. Geological Society special publication, (113).
Arora, M., Kiran, B., Rani, S., Rani, A., Kaur, B., & Mittal, N. (2008). Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food chemistry, 111(4), 811-815.
Bigdeli, M., & Seilsepour, M. (2008). Investigation of metals accumulation in some vegetables irrigated with waste water in Shahre Rey-Iran and toxicological implications. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci, 4(1), 86-92.
Davis, R. D., & Carlton-Smith, C. (1980). Crops as indicators of the significance of contamination of soil by heavy metals. Crops as indicators of the significance of contamination of soil by heavy metals., (TR140).
Ferré-Huguet, N., Martí-Cid, R., Schuhmacher, M., & Domingo, J. L. (2008). Risk assessment of metals from consuming vegetables, fruits and rice grown on soils irrigated with waters of the Ebro River in Catalonia, Spain. Biological Trace Element Research, 123(1-3), 66-79.
Fuentes, A., Lloréns, M., Sáez, J., Soler, A., Aguilar, M. I., Ortuño, J. F., & Meseguer, V. F. (2004). Simple and sequential extractions of heavy metals from different sewage sludges. Chemosphere, 54(8), 1039-1047.
Givianrad, M. H., SADEGHI, T., LARIJANI, K., & HOSSEINI, S. E. (2011). Determination of cadmium and lead in lettuce ‚mint and leek ultivated in different sites of Southern Tehran.
Goldhaber, S. B. (2003). Trace element risk assessment: essentiality vs. toxicity. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 38(2), 232-242.
Harmanescu, M., Alda, L. M., Bordean, D. M., Gogoasa, I., & Gergen, I. (2011). Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, Romania. Chemistry Central Journal, 5(1), 64.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Food and feed-maximum limit of heavy metals. Standard No. 12968. Tehran: Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran; 2010 (in Persian).
IPCS Mercury, M. (1990). International programme on chemical safety. Geneva: Environmental Health Criteria, 101.
Järup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British medical bulletin, 68(1), 167-182.
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace elements in soils and plants. CRC press.
Khanna, P. (2011). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in different vegetables grown in and around urban areas. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 5(3), 162.
Lenntech Water Treatment and Air Purification . 2004. Water Treatment, Published by Lenntech, Rotterdamseweg, Netherlands; www.excelwater.com/thp/filters/Water-Purification.htm).
Marais, A. D., & Blackhurst, D. M. (2009). Do heavy metals counter the potential health benefits of wine?. Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 14(2), 77-79.
McLaughlin, M. J., Maier, N. A., Correll, R. L., Smart, M. K., Sparrow, L. A., & McKay, A. (1999). Prediction of cadmium concentrations in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) by pre-plant soil and irrigation water analyses. Soil Research, 37(1), 191-208.
Nayek, S., Gupta, S., & Saha, R. N. (2010). Metal accumulation and its effects in relation to biochemical response of vegetables irrigated with metal contaminated water and wastewater. Journal of hazardous materials, 178(1-3), 588-595.
Nazari, M. A., Shariatmadari, H., Afyuni, M., Mobli, M., & Rahili, S. (2006). Effect of industrial sewage-sludge and effluents application on concentration of some elements and dry matter yield of wheat, barley and corn. JWSS-Isfahan University of Technology, 10(3), 97-111.
Nazemi, S. A. E. I. D., Asgari, A. R., & Raei, M. A. H. D. I. (2010). Survey the amount of heavy metals in cultural vegetables in suburbs of Shahroud. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 3(2), 195-202.
Onder, S., & Dursun, S. (2006). Air borne heavy metal pollution of Cedrus libani (A. Rich.) in the city centre of Konya (Turkey). Atmospheric Environment, 40(6), 1122-1133.
Pan, X. D., Wu, P. G., & Jiang, X. G. (2016). Levels and potential health risk of heavy metals in marketed vegetables in Zhejiang, China. Scientific reports, 6, 20317.
Radwan, M. A., & Salama, A. K. (2006). Market basket survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(8), 1273-1278.
Ramos, I., Esteban, E., Lucena, J. J., & Gárate, A. (2002). Cadmium uptake and subcellular distribution in plants of Lactuca sp. Cd–Mn interaction. Plant science, 162(5), 761-767.
Rokni N. 1999.Principles of Food Hygiene.Publishing and PrintingTehran University. 3;1-54.[Persian]
Salgueiro, M. J., Zubillaga, M., Lysionek, A., Sarabia, M. I., Caro, R., De Paoli, T., ... & Boccio, J. (2000). Zinc as an essential micronutrient: a review. Nutrition Research, 20(5), 737-755.
Samarghandi, M. R., KARI, M. M., & SADRI, G. H. (2000). A study of hamada's n vegetable's heavy metals irrigated with water polluted to these metals, Iran, 1996.
Sharifi, M., Afyuni, M., & Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. (2010). Effects of Animal Manure, Sewage Sludge, and Cadmium Chloride on Cadmium Uptake of Corn Shoots. Iranian Journal of Water and Sewage, 4, 98-103.
Sharma, R. K., Agrawal, M., & Marshall, F. M. (2009). Heavy metals in vegetables collected from production and market sites of a tropical urban area of India. Food and chemical toxicology, 47(3), 583-591.
Srivastava, N. K., & Majumder, C. B. (2008). Novel biofiltration methods for the treatment of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Journal of hazardous materials, 151(1), 1-8.
Torabian, A., & Mahjouri, M. (2002). Heavy metals uptake by vegetable crops irrigated with waste water in south Tehran Journal of Environmental Study.
Uwah, E. I., Abah, J., Ndahi, N. P., & Ogugbuaja, V. O. (2009). CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF NITRATE AND NITRITE IN SOILS AND SOME LEAFY VEGETABLES OBTAINED IN MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, 4(3).
Wang Y, Qiao M, Liu Y, Zh Y.2010. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables and potential risk for human health. J Scientia Agricola. 69: 54-60.
World Health Organization (WHO Edition, F. (2011). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. WHO chronicle, 38(4), 104-8.
Xiu-Zhen, H. A. O., Dong-Mei, Z. H. O. U., Huang, D. Q., Long, C. A. N. G., Zhang, H. L., & Hui, W. A. N. G. (2009). Heavy metal transfer from soil to vegetable in southern Jiangsu Province, China. Pedosphere, 19(3), 305-311.
Yadav, A., Yadav, P. K., & Shukla, D. N. (2013). Investigation of heavy metal status in soil and vegetables grown in urban area of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(9), 1-7.
Zagrodzki, P., Zamorska, L., & Borowski, P. (2003). Metal (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb) concentrations in human placentas. Central European journal of public health, 11(4), 187-191.
Zheng, N., Wang, Q., & Zheng, D. (2007). Health risk of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu to the inhabitants around Huludao Zinc Plant in China via consumption of vegetables. Science of the total environment, 383(1-3), 81-89.
AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC.14th ed. Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Appleton, J. D., Fuge, R., & McCall, G. J. H. (1996). Environmental geochemistry and health. Geological Society special publication, (113).
Arora, M., Kiran, B., Rani, S., Rani, A., Kaur, B., & Mittal, N. (2008). Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food chemistry, 111(4), 811-815.
Bigdeli, M., & Seilsepour, M. (2008). Investigation of metals accumulation in some vegetables irrigated with waste water in Shahre Rey-Iran and toxicological implications. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci, 4(1), 86-92.
Davis, R. D., & Carlton-Smith, C. (1980). Crops as indicators of the significance of contamination of soil by heavy metals. Crops as indicators of the significance of contamination of soil by heavy metals., (TR140).
Ferré-Huguet, N., Martí-Cid, R., Schuhmacher, M., & Domingo, J. L. (2008). Risk assessment of metals from consuming vegetables, fruits and rice grown on soils irrigated with waters of the Ebro River in Catalonia, Spain. Biological Trace Element Research, 123(1-3), 66-79.
Fuentes, A., Lloréns, M., Sáez, J., Soler, A., Aguilar, M. I., Ortuño, J. F., & Meseguer, V. F. (2004). Simple and sequential extractions of heavy metals from different sewage sludges. Chemosphere, 54(8), 1039-1047.
Givianrad, M. H., SADEGHI, T., LARIJANI, K., & HOSSEINI, S. E. (2011). Determination of cadmium and lead in lettuce ‚mint and leek ultivated in different sites of Southern Tehran.
Goldhaber, S. B. (2003). Trace element risk assessment: essentiality vs. toxicity. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 38(2), 232-242.
Harmanescu, M., Alda, L. M., Bordean, D. M., Gogoasa, I., & Gergen, I. (2011). Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, Romania. Chemistry Central Journal, 5(1), 64.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Food and feed-maximum limit of heavy metals. Standard No. 12968. Tehran: Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran; 2010 (in Persian).
IPCS Mercury, M. (1990). International programme on chemical safety. Geneva: Environmental Health Criteria, 101.
Järup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British medical bulletin, 68(1), 167-182.
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace elements in soils and plants. CRC press.
Khanna, P. (2011). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in different vegetables grown in and around urban areas. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 5(3), 162.
Lenntech Water Treatment and Air Purification . 2004. Water Treatment, Published by Lenntech, Rotterdamseweg, Netherlands; www.excelwater.com/thp/filters/Water-Purification.htm).
Marais, A. D., & Blackhurst, D. M. (2009). Do heavy metals counter the potential health benefits of wine?. Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 14(2), 77-79.
McLaughlin, M. J., Maier, N. A., Correll, R. L., Smart, M. K., Sparrow, L. A., & McKay, A. (1999). Prediction of cadmium concentrations in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) by pre-plant soil and irrigation water analyses. Soil Research, 37(1), 191-208.
Nayek, S., Gupta, S., & Saha, R. N. (2010). Metal accumulation and its effects in relation to biochemical response of vegetables irrigated with metal contaminated water and wastewater. Journal of hazardous materials, 178(1-3), 588-595.
Nazari, M. A., Shariatmadari, H., Afyuni, M., Mobli, M., & Rahili, S. (2006). Effect of industrial sewage-sludge and effluents application on concentration of some elements and dry matter yield of wheat, barley and corn. JWSS-Isfahan University of Technology, 10(3), 97-111.
Nazemi, S. A. E. I. D., Asgari, A. R., & Raei, M. A. H. D. I. (2010). Survey the amount of heavy metals in cultural vegetables in suburbs of Shahroud. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 3(2), 195-202.
Onder, S., & Dursun, S. (2006). Air borne heavy metal pollution of Cedrus libani (A. Rich.) in the city centre of Konya (Turkey). Atmospheric Environment, 40(6), 1122-1133.
Pan, X. D., Wu, P. G., & Jiang, X. G. (2016). Levels and potential health risk of heavy metals in marketed vegetables in Zhejiang, China. Scientific reports, 6, 20317.
Radwan, M. A., & Salama, A. K. (2006). Market basket survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(8), 1273-1278.
Ramos, I., Esteban, E., Lucena, J. J., & Gárate, A. (2002). Cadmium uptake and subcellular distribution in plants of Lactuca sp. Cd–Mn interaction. Plant science, 162(5), 761-767.
Rokni N. 1999.Principles of Food Hygiene.Publishing and PrintingTehran University. 3;1-54.[Persian]
Salgueiro, M. J., Zubillaga, M., Lysionek, A., Sarabia, M. I., Caro, R., De Paoli, T., ... & Boccio, J. (2000). Zinc as an essential micronutrient: a review. Nutrition Research, 20(5), 737-755.
Samarghandi, M. R., KARI, M. M., & SADRI, G. H. (2000). A study of hamada's n vegetable's heavy metals irrigated with water polluted to these metals, Iran, 1996.
Sharifi, M., Afyuni, M., & Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. (2010). Effects of Animal Manure, Sewage Sludge, and Cadmium Chloride on Cadmium Uptake of Corn Shoots. Iranian Journal of Water and Sewage, 4, 98-103.
Sharma, R. K., Agrawal, M., & Marshall, F. M. (2009). Heavy metals in vegetables collected from production and market sites of a tropical urban area of India. Food and chemical toxicology, 47(3), 583-591.
Srivastava, N. K., & Majumder, C. B. (2008). Novel biofiltration methods for the treatment of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Journal of hazardous materials, 151(1), 1-8.
Torabian, A., & Mahjouri, M. (2002). Heavy metals uptake by vegetable crops irrigated with waste water in south Tehran Journal of Environmental Study.
Uwah, E. I., Abah, J., Ndahi, N. P., & Ogugbuaja, V. O. (2009). CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF NITRATE AND NITRITE IN SOILS AND SOME LEAFY VEGETABLES OBTAINED IN MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, 4(3).
Wang Y, Qiao M, Liu Y, Zh Y.2010. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables and potential risk for human health. J Scientia Agricola. 69: 54-60.
World Health Organization (WHO Edition, F. (2011). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. WHO chronicle, 38(4), 104-8.
Xiu-Zhen, H. A. O., Dong-Mei, Z. H. O. U., Huang, D. Q., Long, C. A. N. G., Zhang, H. L., & Hui, W. A. N. G. (2009). Heavy metal transfer from soil to vegetable in southern Jiangsu Province, China. Pedosphere, 19(3), 305-311.
Yadav, A., Yadav, P. K., & Shukla, D. N. (2013). Investigation of heavy metal status in soil and vegetables grown in urban area of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(9), 1-7.
Zagrodzki, P., Zamorska, L., & Borowski, P. (2003). Metal (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb) concentrations in human placentas. Central European journal of public health, 11(4), 187-191.
Zheng, N., Wang, Q., & Zheng, D. (2007). Health risk of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu to the inhabitants around Huludao Zinc Plant in China via consumption of vegetables. Science of the total environment, 383(1-3), 81-89.
Published
2018-10-30
How to Cite
Zokaei, M., Sepehri, M., Rezvani, M., & Zarei, A. (2018). Comparison of the concentration of heavy metals in some vegetables (celery, broccoli and lettuce). Amazonia Investiga, 7(16), 324-334. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/415
Issue
Section
Articles
.gif)
