National Identity of Mass Media: Retrospective Study of the Russian Language Mass Media Prevalence in Eastern Europe
Keywords:
Globalization, mass media, media-space, language groups, national identity, ethnic issues.
Abstract
The research focuses on the issues, concerning the national identity of mass media in the era of globalization. It was the attempt to examine the linguistic situation in the multi-ethnic society, which consists of clearly defined groups of national minorities. Revealing the problems and consequences of language groups’ shift through mass media became the main objective of the research. The retrospective data on the Russian language mass media prevalence in the Eastern European countries (for example, of Estonia) were used as an analytical background. In Estonia, almost half of the Russian-speaking population cannot follow mass media due to limited knowledge of the language. These particularities for 1998-2013 were described in this article. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the major part of the Russian-speaking population of Estonia mainly follows the Russian television channels and, therefore, is more integrated in the Russian information realm than in Estonian. The multidirectional dynamics of mass media activity on prevalence was revealed. The contradictions between the Russian and Estonian mass media, Estonia and the EU on multilingual social mass media role were highlighted in the article.
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References
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The Estonian Ministry of Culture. (2013). The Russian and the Estonian radio programmes in Estonia. Retrieved from https://www.kul.ee/en
TNS Emor. (2019). Retrieved from http://www.tnsglobal.com/office/tns-emor
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Vlasov, A. I. & Demin, A. A. (2017). Visual methods of formalization of knowledge in the conditions of the synchronous technologies of system engineering. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. http://doi.org/10.1145/3166094.3166098
Yessenbekova, U. M. (2016). Promotion of national traditions by Kazakhstan mass media as a mean of ideological influence. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(9). http://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i9/8660
AS Emor, Praxis Center for Policy Studies, The University of Tartu. (2011). Estonian Integration Monitoring 2011 Summary. Retrieved from http://www.praxis.ee/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/2011-Estonian-integration-monitoring.pdf
Born, G. & Prosser, T. (2001). Culture and Consumerism: Citizenship, Public Service Broadcasting and the BBC’s Fair Trading Obligations. Modern Law Review 64(5), 657-687. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.00345
Curran, J. (1991). Rethinking the media as a public sphere. In Dahlgren P., Sparks C. (Eds.). Communication and Citizenship: Journalism and the Public Sphere in the New Media Age (pp. 27-57). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203977880-1
Dirzytė, A., Rakauskienė, O. G., & Servetkienė, V. (2017). Evaluation of resilience impact on socio-economic inequality. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 4(4), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2017.4.4(7)
EALL Estonian Newspaper Association. (2019). The average edition of the EALL members. Retrieved from http://www.eall.ee/tiraazhid/2011.html
Estonian Media Service Act from 01.01.2014. Retrieved from https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/compare_original/506112013019
European Commission. (2011). Indicators for Independence and Efficient Functioning of Audiovisual Media Services Regulatory Bodies for Enforcing the Rules in the AVMS Directive. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/archives/information_society/avpolicy/info_centre/library/
studies/index_en.htm#regulators
Giessen, H. W. (2015). Sustainable entrepreneurship and peculiarities of media-based learning. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 2(3), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2014.2.3(4)
Grinberg, R.S. & Deikin, A.I. (2003). The mass media independence problems in Russia: economic and political aspects. Retrieved from http://www.r-reforms.ru/indexpub224.htm
Gritsanov, A.A., Abushenko, V.L., Evelkin, G.M., Sokolova, G.N, & Tereschenko, O.V (2003). Globalization in A.A. Gritsanov et.al (Ed.). Sociology: encyclopedia (Vol. I, pp. 226–227). Minsk, Belarus: Knizniy dom.
Hallin, D.C. (2008). Neoliberalism, Social Movements and Change in Media Systems in the Late Twentieth Century. In Hesmondhalgh, D., Toynbee, J., (Eds.). The Media and Social Theory (pp. 43–58). London: Routledge, 2008.
Harcourt, A. (2003). The Regulation of Media Markets in EU First-Wave Accession States in Central and Eastern Europe. European Law Journal, 9(3), 316-340. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0386.00180
Hesmondhalghs, D. (2018). The cultural industries. Michaleva A. (Ed.). Moscow: National Research University Higher School of Economics.
Jacka, E. (2003). Democracy as Defeat. The Impotence of Arguments for Public Service Broadcasting. Television & New Media, 4(2), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476402250675
Jakubowicz & Rude, K. (2001). Awakening, Social and Media Change in Central and Eastern Europe. The Public, 8(4), 59-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2001.11008786
Jakubowicz, K. (2006). Public Service Broadcasting: A New Beginning, or the Beginning of the End? Retrieved from http://ripeat.org/library/Jakubowicz_KeynotePaper.pdf
Jakubowicz, K. (2009). The Highways and Byways of ‘Europeanzation’ in the Media. Central European Journal of Communication, 2(1), 5-11. Retrieved from https://www.cejc.ptks.pl/attachments/Introduction-The-Highways-and-Byways-of-Europeanization-in-the-Media_2018-06-05_13-38-58.pdf
Kantar EMOR. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.kantaremor.ee
Knell, M. & Srholec, M. (2007). In D. Lane, M. Myant (Eds.). Diverging Pathways in Central and Eastern Europe. Varieties of Capitalism in Post-Communist Countries, (pp.40-62). Hampshire and New York: Palgrave MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230627574_3
Lauk, E. (2008). How Will It All Unfold? Media Systems and Journalism Cultures in Postcommunist Countries. In Jakubowicz, K. & Sükösd, M. (Eds.). Finding the Right Place on the Map: Central and Eastern European Media Change in a Global Perspective (pp. 193–212). Chicago: Intellect Ltd.
Lincényi, M. & Fabuš, M. (2017). Economic trends of business actors on daily newspaper market: case of the Slovak Republic. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 5(1), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2017.5.1(7)
Lowe, G.F. &Christian, S. (Eds.). (2011). Small Among Giants. Television Broadcasting in Smaller Countries. Canadian Journal of communication, 41(2). Göteborg: Nordicom. https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2016v41n2a3033
Mapping Digital Media: Estonia A Report by the Open Society Foundations. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/mapping-digital-media-estonia-20130903.pdf
McQuail D. (2010). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory (6th edition). London: Sage Publications.
Modern Russian mass media in Estonia. (2019). In Estonica. Retrieved from http://www.estonica.org/ru/Культура/Русскоязычные_СМИ_Эстонии/Современные_русскоязычные_СМИ_Эстонии/
Murdock, G. (2005). Building the Digital Commons: Public Broadcasting in the Age of the Internet. In G.F. Lowe & P. Jauert (Eds.). Cultural Dilemmas in Public Service Broadcasting (pp.213-230). Göteborg: Nordicom.
Picard, R.G. (2002). Research Note: Assessing Audience Performance of Public Service Broadcasters. European Journal of Communication, 17(2), 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323102017002696
Polyakova, Y.A. (2015). The language problem of multicultural journalism. Humanitarian Vactor, 4(44), 114-118. Retrieved from https://docplayer.ru/51999825-Yazykovye-problemy-multikulturnoy-zhurnalistiki.html
PRTM – President’s Round Table of Minorities. (2019). The President of the Republic of Estonia. Retrieved from http://vp2001-2006.president.ee/et/institutsioonid/ymarlaud.php?gid=11411
Samost & Husar. (2016). The social mass media giants, belonging to the giants from the U.S. steal immense amount of money from Estonia. // rus.err.ee. 18.11.2016 Retrieved from https://rus.err.ee/238008/samost-i-hussar-prinadlezhawie-gigantam-iz-ssha-socmedia-vyvodjat-iz-jestonii-basnoslovnye-dengi
Sorokin, G. G., Rybakova, A. I., & Popova, I. N. (2019). Print mass media as a government tool in strategic communications: A study based on content analysis of publications in Russia. Media Watch, 10(1), 79-91. https://doi.org/10.15655/mw/2019/vl0i1/49558
Strielkowski, W., Volkova, E., Pushkareva, L., & Streimikiene, D. (2019). Innovative policies for energy efficiency and the use of renewables in households. Energies, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071392
The Estonian Ministry of Culture. (2013). The Russian and the Estonian radio programmes in Estonia. Retrieved from https://www.kul.ee/en
TNS Emor. (2019). Retrieved from http://www.tnsglobal.com/office/tns-emor
Tyukaeva, T.I. (2017). Global media influence on modern world political process: a constructivist approach. Vestnik MGIMO-universiteta, 4(55), 242-271. https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2017-4-55-242-271
Usacheva, V.V (2012). “The theft of Europe”: The image of Western Europe and national identity of Russia. Tsennosti i smysly, 5(21), 184-193. Retrieved from http://www.instrao.ru/images/1Treshka/News/1612/Elektronnaya_Biblioteka_
zhurnala_tsennosti_i_smysly.pdf
Vlasov, A. I. & Demin, A. A. (2017). Visual methods of formalization of knowledge in the conditions of the synchronous technologies of system engineering. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. http://doi.org/10.1145/3166094.3166098
Yessenbekova, U. M. (2016). Promotion of national traditions by Kazakhstan mass media as a mean of ideological influence. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(9). http://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i9/8660
Published
2019-09-26
How to Cite
Kalinina, A., Pushkareva, L., & Rybakova, A. (2019). National Identity of Mass Media: Retrospective Study of the Russian Language Mass Media Prevalence in Eastern Europe. Amazonia Investiga, 8(22), 40-50. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/26
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