The challenges of taxation in the digital economy: analysis of the Ecuadorian tax system
Keywords:
Digital economy, collection, tax system, streaming, Ecuador.
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the current state of taxation of the digital economy and project its contribution to the tax system in Ecuador. A methodology of qualitative approach and exploratory scope was used, through a comparative matrix of Latin American countries, their BEPS regulations and an analysis of the effectiveness of the actions taken on taxes on the digital economy. Statistical data was taken from Tax Administrations, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations and the KPMG Tax News Digital Economy Report. For the projection of fiscal income, the Financial Statements of multinational companies that do not have headquarters in Ecuador were considered and through simple regression the future collection was estimated. The results showed that the projection of digital taxes in Ecuador would be 200.27 million dollars for the period 2022-2025, with 80% corresponding to VAT. In addition, it was revealed that there is a derivative collection not considered as a product of the information provided by digital companies, causing additional potential collection. In the diagnosis of advances in international tax matters in the Region, it is concluded that tax regulations in Latin America respond to the tax challenges of the digital economy on a global scale.
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References
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Airbnb. (2022). Airbnb news. Obtained from https://news.airbnb.com/about-us/ (28 august 2022).
Bukht, R., & Heeks, R. (2018). Defining, conceptualising and measuring the digital economy. International Organisations Research Journal, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2018-02-07
CEPAL. (2019). Panorama Fiscal de América Latina y el Caribe 2019. Políticas tributarias para la movilización de recursos en el marco de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. In Panorama Fiscal de América Latina y el Caribe. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/44516/1/S1900075_es.pdf
CEPAL. (2020). Panorama Fiscal de América Latina y el Caribe 2020. https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/45730-panorama-fiscal-america-latina-caribe-2020-la-politica-fiscal-la-crisis-derivada
CIAT. (2022). Chile – IVA a los Servicios Digitales debuta con recaudación de más de 62 millones de dólares en su primer periodo trimestral de declaración y pago. https://www.sii.cl//noticias/2020/221020noti02er.htm
Durdu, M. (2020). Digital Service Tax in the European Union and Turkey Practice. Istanbul Law Review, 78(4), 1959-1988. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0008
Faúndez-Ugalde, A., Vidal Olivares, A., Olguín Romero, A., & Molina Marisio, F. (2021). Tributación en la economía digital: Propuestas impulsadas por la OCDE y el impacto frente a los principios rectores de todo sistema tributario. Revista chilena de derecho y tecnología, 10(1), 9-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-2584.2021.53385
Gelepithis, M., & Hearson, M. (2021). The politics of taxing multinational firms in a digital age. Journal of European Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1992488
Jiménez, P., & Podestá, A. (2021). Tributación indirecta sobre la economía digital y su potencial recaudatorio en América Latina. Panamá: CIAT.
Kling, R., & Lamb, R. (1999). IT and organizational change in digital economies. ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.1145/572183.572189
Klein, D., Ludwig, C. A., & Spengel, C. (2022). Taxing the digital economy: Investor reaction to the european commission’s digital tax proposals. National Tax Journal, 75(1), 61-92. https://doi.org/10.1086/717518
KPMG. (2022). TaxNewsFlash-Digital Economy - KPMG Global. https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2019/06/tnf-digital-economy0.html
Kristel, G., Garcés, S., Tamara, E., Guevara, C., Luis, H., Veloz, P., Ivette, L., Mora, B., Ruben, C., & Villalva, C. (2020). Análisis de la disminución de la base imponible del impuesto a la renta por efecto de las tiendas virtuales en el Ecuador. RILCO. https://www.eumed.net/rev/rilcoDS/06/tienda-virtual-ecuador.html
Macas-Acosta, G., Macas-Lituma, G., & Vergara-Romero, A. (2022). The Internal and External Factors That Determined Private Investment in Ecuador 2007–2020. Economies, 10(10), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10100248
Mpofu, F. Y. (2022). Taxing the Digital Economy through Consumption Taxes (VAT) in African Countries: Possibilities, Constraints and Implications. International Journal of Financial Studies, 10(3), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10030065
OECD. (2018). Marco Inclusivo de BEPS Una respuesta global a un problema global. www.oecd.org/tax/beps/
Pylypenko, O., Matviienko, H., Putintsev, A., Vlasenko, I., & Onyshchuk, N. (2022). Government tax policy in the digital economy. Cuestiones Políticas, 40(72), 279-296. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4072.15
Romero-Subia, J. F., Jimber-del-Río, J.A., Ochoa-Rico, M. S., & Vergara-Romero, A. (2022). Analysis of Citizen Satisfaction in Municipal Services. Economies, 10(9), 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10090225
SRI. (2022). Registro, declaración y pago del IVA por parte de los prestadores de servicios digitales no residentes en el Ecuador - intersri - Servicio de Rentas Internas. Servicio de Rentas Internas. https://www.sri.gob.ec/registro-declaracion-y-pago-del-iva-prestadores-de-servicios-digitales-no-residentes
Statista. (2022). Ingresos por los servicios de video-on-demand (VoD) en algunos países de América Latina y el Caribe en 2021. Https://Es.Statista.Com/Estadisticas/581829/Ingresos-Servicios-Vod-America-Latina-Pais/
Stebbins, R. (2001). Exploratory Research in the Social Sciences - Robert A. Stebbins - Google Libros (Vol. 48). SAGE Publications. https://acortar.link/11poBc
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2022). EDGAR Company Filings. https://Www.Sec.Gov/Edgar/Searchedgar/Companysearch.html
Vishnevsky, V. P., Goncharenko, L. I., Dementiev, V. V., & Gurnak, A. V. (2022). The principles of taxation for digital economy. Terra Economicus, 20(2), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2022-20-2-59-71
Vergara-Romero, A., Jimber-del-Río, J-A., & Márquez-Sánchez, F. (2022). Food Autonomy within Food Sovereignty: Evidence from a Structural Model. Agronomy, 12(5), 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051141
Published
2023-02-28
How to Cite
León-Vega, L., Ron-Amores, E., & Vergara-Romero, A. (2023). The challenges of taxation in the digital economy: analysis of the Ecuadorian tax system. Amazonia Investiga, 12(61), 262-275. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.61.01.27
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