Combating commodity smuggling in Ukraine: in search of the optimal legislative model
Keywords:
Keywords: smuggling, customs border, goods, criminal liability, criminalization, public danger.
Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to identify optimal legislative model of criminal law counteraction to commodity smuggling in Ukraine, taking into account experience of foreign countries, primarily the European Union. The following research methods have been used to study criminal legislation, prove hypotheses, formulate conclusions: comparative law, system analysis, formal logic and modeling methods. Taking into account the achievements of criminal law science, materials of law enforcement practice, he results of sociological surveys and based on the analysis of accompanying documents to the relevant bills, social conditionality of criminalization of smuggling of goods have been clarified. Foreign experience of criminalization of commodity smuggling in the legislation of the European Union has been investigated. Legislative initiatives in this area have been critically considered. Major attention in this aspect has been paid to the shortcomings and debatable provisions of the draft law “On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine on the Criminalization of Smuggling of Goods and Excisable Goods and Inaccurate Declaration of Goods” (Registration # 5420 of April 23, 2021). Author’s proposals on the relevant improvements of criminal legislation have been put forward and substantiated.
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References
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Pidgorodynskyi, V., Kamensky, D., Bolokan, I., Makarenko, T. & Samilo, H. (2021). Smuggling or violation of customs rules: actual questions of application of administrative and criminal liability. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(70), 800-814. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.48.
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Vozniuk, A., Dudorov, O., Tytko, A., Movchan, R. (2020). Implementation of UN and EU recommendations on criminalization of organized crimes. Amazonia Investiga, 9(28), 234-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.28.04.26.
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Andriichenko, N.S., Reznik, O.M., Tkachenko, V.V., Belanuk, M.V., & Skliar, Y.I. (2020). El Traslado de Bienes como Amenaza Estratégica a la Seguridad Económica de los Estados Europeos. REICE: Revista Electrónica De Investigación En Ciencias Económicas, 8(15), 346–357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5377/reice.v8i15.9974
Babiy, Yu. (2016). Improving decompositions of threats and dangers to the national security of the state in the border area. Collection of scientific works of the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Series: military and technical sciences, 4, 185–196 [in Ukrainian]. Retrieved from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/j-pdf/znpnapv_vtn_2016_4_18.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Bauman, Yu. (2021). Back to The Future: whom Zelensky proposes to punish for smuggling. And how these ideas can affect business. Future Media LLC. Retrieved from: https://mind.ua/openmind/20225517-back-to-the-future-kogo-zelenskij-proponue-karati-za-kontrabandu [in Ukrainian].
Dopilko, V.O., & Yavdoshchuk, R.V. (2019). Legal means of counteracting smuggling and violation of customs rules on transport: current status. LexPortus, 4, 90-104. Retrieved from: https://lexportus.net.ua/ru/arkhiv-2/149-uncategories/ctat-i-vypuska-4-2019/416-dopilko-v-o-yavdoshchuk-r-v-pravovi-zasobi-protidiji-kontrabandi-ta-porushennyam-mitnikh-pravil-na-transporti-suchasnij-stan [in Ukrainian].
Draft Law No. 5420 “On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine on Criminalization of Smuggling of Goods and Excisable Goods and Inaccurate Declaration of Goods”. 2021 Retrieved from: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=71756 [in Ukrainian].
Dudorov, O.O., & Movchan, R.O. (2020). Development of the legislation of Ukraine on criminal offenses in the sphere of economic activity: problems and tendencies. Bulletin of Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E.O. Didorenko, 4, 120-140. Retrieved from: https://journal.lduvs.lg.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/1187/1070 [in Ukrainian].
Dudorov, O.O., & Movchan, R.O. (2021). Criminal law ban on smuggling of raw materials: current status and prospects. Legal Scientific Electronic Journal, 2, 142-148. Retrieved from: http://www.lsej.org.ua/2_2021/36.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Hetman, O. (2020) Evasion and avoidance. ZN,UA. Retrieved from: https://zn.ua/macrolevel/uklonenie-i-izbezhanie.html [in Russian].
Joossensa, L., & Rawb, M. (1998). Cigarettes smuggling in Europe: who really benefits? Tobacco Control, 7, 66–71.
Kamensky, D.V. (2020). Liability for economic crimes in the United States and Ukraine: a comparative legal study: a monograph / foreword by Dr. of Law, Prof. Dudorov, O. O. Kyiv: VD “Dakor” [in Ukrainian].
Karafo, A. (2018). The Effect of Contraband on Government Revenue: Case of Segen Area People’s Zone. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Economics and Commerce, 18(3). Retrieved June 20, 2021, from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3285168.
Law No. 4025-VI, “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Humanization of Liability for Offenses in the Sphere of Economic Activity”, November 15, 2011. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4025-17#Text.
Lepina, T.G. (2020). Criminal liability for smuggling in foreign countries. Bulletin of Tomsk State University, 454, 226–232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/454/28.
Michalopoulos, S. (2021). Ukraine under EU pressure to criminalise to baccosmuggling. EURACTIV. Retrieved from: https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/ukraine-under-eu-pressure-to-criminalise-tobacco-smuggling/ [in Ukrainian].
Movchan, R., Vozniuk, A., Burak, M., Areshonkov, V., & Kamensky, D. (2021). Criminal law counteraction to land pollution in the EU countries: searching for the optimal model. Amazonia Investiga, 10(42), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.42.06.2.
Novikov, O.V., & Novikova, K.A. (2019). Some arguments against the criminalization of "commodity" smuggling. Conceptual principles of the new edition of the Criminal Code of Ukraine: materials of the international. science. conf. (October 17-19, 2019, Kharkiv). Kharkiv: Pravo, 407-409. Retrieved from: https://newcriminalcode.org.ua/upload/media/2020/07/21/konferentsiya-harkiv-17-19-zhovtnya-2019.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Omelchuk, O. (2002). Smuggling under the criminal law of Ukraine. (Doctoral thesis). Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv. Retrieved from: https://mydisser.com/files/37172093.doc [in Ukrainian].
Pidgorodynskyi, V., Kamensky, D., Bolokan, I., Makarenko, T. & Samilo, H. (2021). Smuggling or violation of customs rules: actual questions of application of administrative and criminal liability. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(70), 800-814. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.48.
Portnov, A. (2021). The President introduced to the Parliament a law on the criminalization of commodity smuggling. Telegram. Retrieved June 20, 2021, from: https://t.me/PortnovUA/2952 [in Russian].
Radiosvoboda (2021) Zelensky, smuggling and “battle ax” of the National Security and Defense Council. Retrieved from: https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/zelenskyi-kontrabanda-i-boiova-sokyra-rnbo/31188315.html [in Ukrainian].
Savarets, A. (2021) Commercial smuggling: sanctions or prison? ZN.UA. Retrieved June 20, 2021, from: https://zn.ua/macrolevel/tovarnaja-kontrabanda-sanktsii-ili-tjurma.html [in Ukrainian].
Vozniuk, A., Dudorov, O., Tytko, A., Movchan, R. (2020). Implementation of UN and EU recommendations on criminalization of organized crimes. Amazonia Investiga, 9(28), 234-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.28.04.26.
Weerth, C. (2013). Customs Sanctions of the EU-27: A Detailed Analysis and a Preview on the Modernized Customs Code of the EU and the European Union Customs Code. Global Trade and Customs Journal, 8(2), 42-52. Retrieved from: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/168465/1/GTCJ_8%282%29_Archive_Proofs_Customs_Sanctions_EU-27.pdf.
Published
2021-12-17
How to Cite
Movchan, R., Dudorov, O., Vozniuk, A., Areshonkov, V., & Lutsenko, Y. (2021). Combating commodity smuggling in Ukraine: in search of the optimal legislative model. Amazonia Investiga, 10(47), 142-151. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.47.11.14
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