Counteracting illegal border crossing and human trafficking: comparative analysis
Keywords:
human trafficking, counteracting trafficking in persons, illegal migration, illegal border crossing, human rights.
Abstract
Freedom of expression, personal integrity, respect for honor and dignity, the right to an adequate standard of living, living conditions, and health care are among the fundamental human rights in the civilized world. Ignoring these opportunities in such criminal activities as human trafficking is an unacceptable phenomenon for today's reality. Yet, it exists. It is a challenge for researchers in various humanities, for policy- and decision-makers to create a system of effective counteraction to the violation of the inviolability of state borders and the fight against human trafficking. In this study, we focused on the relationship between the illegal border crossing and the analysis of the phenomenon of trafficking in persons, as well as their comparative characteristics and legislation to combat these phenomena. The subject of the study is public relations regarding illegal border crossing and human trafficking. Research methods are general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular, systemic, historical, comparative, and statistical. The study characterized the genesis of international regulation of combating trafficking in persons; found commonalities and differences between the phenomena of illegal border crossing and trafficking in persons; described the signs of trafficking in persons, particularly, as a crime; provided relevant legislation regarding illegal border crossing and human trafficking.
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References
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Limoncelli, S.A. (2010). The Politics of Trafficking: The First International Movement to Combat the Sexual Exploitation of Women. Stanford University Press
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Panichevska, A.V. (2017). White Slavery as One of the Most Common Transnational Crimes. Young Scientist, 11(51), 972-975. In http://molodyvcheny.in.ua/files/journal/2017/11/235.pdf
Rafferty, Y. (2007). Children for Sale: Child Trafficking in Southeast Asia. Child Abuse Review, 16, 401-422. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1009
Richards, T.A. (2014). Health Implications of Human Trafficking. Nursing for Women's Health, 18(2), 155-162.
Scarpa, S. (2010). Trafficking in persons: Modern Slavery. Oxford University Press
Tsutsumi, A., Izutsu, T., Poudyal, A.K., Kato, S., & Marui, E. (2008). Mental Health of Female Survivors of Human Trafficking in Nepal. Social Science & Medicine, 66(8), 1841-1847. Recovered from https://cdn.icmec.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/MH-of-female-survivors-of-human-trafficking-in-Nepal-Tsutsumi-2008.pdf
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Attwood, R. (2016). Looking Beyond ‘White Slavery’: Trafficking, the Jewish Association, and the Dangerous Politics of Migration Control in England, 1890-1910. Anti-Trafficking Review, 7. Recovered from https://www.antitraffickingreview.org/index.php/atrjournal/article/view/203/200
Bales, K., Trodd, Z., & Williamson, A.K. (2011). Modern Slavery: A Beginner's Guide. Simon & Schuster
Bartley, P. (2000). Prostitution: Prevention and Reform in England, 1870-1914. London: Routledge
Belser, P. (2005). Forced Labor and Human Trafficking: Estimating the Profits. Geneva: International Labour Office. Recovered from https://bit.ly/36xuYbq
Biletsky, V.O. (2013). Operational Activities as a Component of Integrated Border Management. Public Administration: Improvement and Development, 7, 1-3. Recovered from https://bit.ly/3xNY95W
Danailova-Trainor, G., & Belser, P. (2006). Globalization and the Illicit Market for Human Trafficking: an Empirical Analysis of Supply and Demand. Geneva: International Labour Office. In http://www.ilo.int/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---integration/documents/publication/wcms_081759.pdf
Decree No. 303, On Approval of the Regulations on the Establishment and Operation of the Unified State Register of Crimes of Trafficking in Persons. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, April 18, 2012. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/303-2012-%D0%BF#n9
Decree No. 660, On Approval of the Procedure for Payment of One-Time Financial Assistance to Victims of Trafficking in Persons. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, July 25, 2012. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/660-2012-%D0%BF#n9
Decree No. 783, On the Statement of the Order of Interaction of Subjects Counteracting Trafficking in Persons. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, August 22, 2012. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/783-2012-%D0%BF#n10
Feingold, D.A. (2005). Human Trafficking. Foreign Policy, 26-32. Recovered from https://documentation.lastradainternational.org/lsidocs/feingold_think_again_human_tra_0109.pdf
Heinrich, K.H. (2010). Ten Years After the Palermo Protocol: Where Are Protections for Human Trafficking? Human Rights Brief, 18(1), 2-5. In http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/vol18/iss1/1
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2005). Forced Labour in Asia. ILO Fact Sheets on Forced Labour in Asia, 1-4. Recovered from https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/99623/Forced_labor_no__17_Forced_labour_and_human.pdf?sequence=1
Kharytonov, E., Kharytonova, O., Kolodin, D., & Tkalych, M. (2020). The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Rights of the Individual in Terms of Private and Public Law. Ius Humani. Law Journal, 9(2), 225-250. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.31207/ih.v9i2.253
Kolomoiets, T., Tkalych, M., Melnyk, P., Panchenko, B., & Tolmachevska, Y. (2021). Combating Corruption in Sport: Legal Aspect. Retos, 41, 746-755. Recovered from https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/86975
Koots, V., & Orlean, A. (2007). Prosecutorial Means of Combating Human Trafficking. Kyiv: Varta. Recovered from https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/d/d/75890.pdf
Laczko, F., & Gozdziak, E.M. (2005). Data and Research on Human Trafficking. International Organization for Migration
Laite, J. (2012). Common Prostitutes and Ordinary Citizens: Commercial Sex in London, 1885-1960. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-35421-0. Recovered from https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9780230230545
Lammasniemi, L. (2017). Anti-White Slavery Legislation and Its Legacies in England. Anti-Trafficking Review, 9, 64-76. Recovered from https://www.antitraffickingreview.org/index.php/atrjournal/article/view/264/253
Law No. 2341-III, Criminal Code of Ukraine. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, April 5, 2001. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14/conv#n2649
Law No. 3739-VI, On Counteracting Trafficking in Persons. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, September 20, 2011. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3739-17#Text
Levchenko, C., Kovalchuk, L., Udalova, О. et al. (2011). Socio-Pedagogical Bases of Counteracting Human Trafficking and Children Exploitation. Kyiv: “Ukraine” Agency
Lim, L.L. (1998). The Sex Sector: The Economic and Social Bases of Prostitution in Southeast Asia. Geneva: International Labour Organization
Limoncelli, S.A. (2010). The Politics of Trafficking: The First International Movement to Combat the Sexual Exploitation of Women. Stanford University Press
Lukach, N.M. (2015). Conceptual Basis of Preventing and Combating Human Trafficking in Ukraine. Scientific and Theoretical Almanac Grani, 18(7), 75-78. Recovered from https://grani.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/download/249/236
Lukach, N.M. (2016). Conceptual Principles and Institutional Mechanisms for Counteracting the Global Problem of Human Trafficking (doctorate thesis). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv. In http://www.chnu.edu.ua/res/chnu/chnu_news/February/Dyser_LUKACH.pdf
Migration Data Portal. (May 6, 2021). Human Trafficking. Recovered from https://migrationdataportal.org/themes/human-trafficking
Mydlovets, I. (February 28, 2019). Human Trafficking in Ukraine. A Review. Recovered from https://mon.gov.ua/storage/app/media/pozashkilna/protydia-torgivli-luydmy/4-2019.ppt
Official Website of the International Organization of Migration in Ukraine. (2021). Counteracting Human Trafficking. Recovered from https://iom.org.ua/ua/protidiya-torgivli-lyudmi
Official Website of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2021). Counteracting Human Trafficking. Recovered from https://mon.gov.ua/ua/osvita/pozashkilna-osvita/vihovna-robota-ta-zahist-prav-ditini/protidiya-torgivli-lyudmi
Oram, S., Stöckl, H., Busza, J., Howard, L.M., & Zimmerman, C. (2012). Prevalence and Risk of Violence and the Physical, Mental, and Sexual Health Problems Associated with Human Trafficking: Systematic Review. PLoS Medicine, 9(5), e1001224. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001224
Panichevska, A.V. (2017). White Slavery as One of the Most Common Transnational Crimes. Young Scientist, 11(51), 972-975. In http://molodyvcheny.in.ua/files/journal/2017/11/235.pdf
Rafferty, Y. (2007). Children for Sale: Child Trafficking in Southeast Asia. Child Abuse Review, 16, 401-422. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1009
Richards, T.A. (2014). Health Implications of Human Trafficking. Nursing for Women's Health, 18(2), 155-162.
Scarpa, S. (2010). Trafficking in persons: Modern Slavery. Oxford University Press
Tsutsumi, A., Izutsu, T., Poudyal, A.K., Kato, S., & Marui, E. (2008). Mental Health of Female Survivors of Human Trafficking in Nepal. Social Science & Medicine, 66(8), 1841-1847. Recovered from https://cdn.icmec.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/MH-of-female-survivors-of-human-trafficking-in-Nepal-Tsutsumi-2008.pdf
United Nations. (2003). Convention against Corruption. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/.
United Nations (UN). (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Recovered from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx
United Nations (UN). (2000a). Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. Recovered from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/opsccrc.aspx
United Nations (UN). (2000b). Protocol to Prevent and Suppress Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. Recovered from https://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/Special/2000_Protocol_to_Prevent_2C_
Suppress_and_Punish_Trafficking_in_Persons.pdf
Published
2021-07-30
How to Cite
Pryimachenko, D., Ivanskyy, A., Lipynskyi, V., Matvieiev, O., & Povoroznik, A. (2021). Counteracting illegal border crossing and human trafficking: comparative analysis. Amazonia Investiga, 10(42), 196-205. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.42.06.18
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