Liability in the field of digital payment systems and cryptocurrencies: mission is (im)possible?
Keywords:
legal liability, offenses, digital payment systems, cryptocurrency, cybercrime.
Abstract
An electronic payment system is a system of settlements between different organizations and Internet users when buying or selling goods or services over the Internet. The relevance of the research topic is that electronic payment systems are used widely at the present stage of the development of society. This area has not escaped criminal activity. Penalties for digital payment systems and cryptocurrencies should be commensurate with the level of damage caused. The article analyzes the international legal establishing liability for this type of crime. At the instant, it remains an open question for further study of the legal status of cryptocurrency in different countries and the settlement of penalties for violations in the field of digital payment systems and cryptocurrency. Research methods: comparison, observation, analysis, synthesis, analogy, the system method, generalization method, and formal-legal method. According to the results of the study, the international comparative aspect of the types of liability for offenses in the field of digital payment systems was analyzed; the issue of criminal liability for offenses in the field of digital payment systems and cryptocurrencies, as a key punishment for these actions; identified means of protection of payment systems; the issue of legal regulation of cryptocurrency in different countries.
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References
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Zaychuk, O.V., & Onishchenko, N.M. (Eds.). (2008). General theory of state and law. Kyiv: Jurinkom Inter.
Azemsha, I.B. (2012). Features of formation of institute of legal responsibility in Ukraine. Journal of Kyiv University of Law, 2, 44-47. Recovered from http://kul.kiev.ua/images/chasop/2012_2/44.pdf
Bank for International Settlements. (2003). Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems. A glossary of terms used in payments and settlement systems. Recovered from https://www.bis.org/cpmi/glossary_030301.pdf
ВВС. News Ukraine. (2018). Japan has the largest digital currency theft in history. Recovered from https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-42847803
Berlach, N.A. (2012). Prospects for the development of positive legal responsibility in a democratic society. Forum of Law, 1, 77–81. Recovered from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/FP_index.htm_2012_1_13
Bilobrov, T.V. (2020). International experience in combating cybercrime by cyberpolice bodies. Law and society, 3, 96–102.
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Eurasian Commission. (2017). Regulation of cryptocurrencies. Study of the experience of different countries. Recovered from http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/act/dmi/workgroup/Documents/digest/
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%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%
BB%D1%8E%D1%82%20%D0%B2%20%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85
%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0.pdf
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İCT NEWS. (2011). The National Cyber Defense Center opened in Germany today. Recovered from http://www.ictnews.az/read-561-news-3.html
Ivanenko, O.V. (2007). The essence of legal responsibility and the role of law enforcement agencies in its provision (doctoral thesis). National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv. Recovered from http://www.lib.ua-ru.net/diss/cont/243974.html
Kharytonov, E., Kharytonova, O., Kolodin, D., & Tkalych, M. (2020). The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Rights of the Individual in Terms of Private and Public Law. Ius Humani. Law Journal, 9(2), 225-250. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.31207/ih.v9i2.253
Kolomoiets, T., Tkalych, M., Melnyk, P., Panchenko, B., & Tolmachevska, Y. (2021). Combating Corruption in Sport: Legal Aspect. Retos, 41, 746-755. Recovered from https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/86975
Kokkola, T. (Ed.). (2010). Payments, securities and derivatives, and the role of the eurosystem. Frankfurt am Main. European Central Bank. Recovered from https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/paymentsystem201009en.pdf
Koverznev, M.S., & Koverzneva, G.P. (2016). Responsibility in International Law. Almanac of International Law, 13, 49-56. Recovered from http://inlawalmanac.mgu.od.ua/v13/8.pdf
Koziy, V. (2018). Responsibility for illegal seizure of cryptocurrency in Ukraine. Scientific Journal of the National Academy of Prosecutors of Ukraine, 2, 69-82. Recovered from http://www.chasopysnapu.gp.gov.ua/ua/pdf/2-2018/kozij.pdf
Kunytskiy, O. (2021). India plans to ban cryptocurrencies. Forbes. Recovered from https://forbes.ua/ru/news/indiya-planue-zaboroniti-kriptovalyuti-zakonoproekt-peredbachatime-kriminalnu-vidpovidalnist-za-mayning-torgovi-operatsii-i-volodinnya-kriptoaktivami-reuters-15032021-1160
Lapta, S.P. (2017). FBI in the fight against cybercrime. Kharkiv: National Academy of Internal Affairs. Recovered from http://univd.edu.ua/science-issue/scientist/78
Law 4/26, Computer Crimes Law. Chief Information Security Officer, Texas, USA, 2013. Recovered from https://security.utexas.edu/policies/computercrimes
Law No. 435-IV, Civil Code of Ukraine. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, January 16, 2003. Recovered from Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15#Text.
Lipinsky, D.A. (2004). General theory of legal responsibility (doctoral thesis). Samara Humanitarian Academy, Saratov. Recovered from https://www.dissercat.com/content/obshchaya-teoriya-yuridicheskoi-otvetstvennosti
Lukyanets, D.M. (2004). Typology of legal responsibility. Legal Ukraine, 3, 4-10.
Musatkina, A.A. (2006). Legal relationship of financial responsibility. Jurisprudence, 3, 100-107.
Onishchenko, N.M. (2008). Legal responsibility: theoretical analysis and practical measurements. State and Law. Jurid. and flight, 42, 3-11. Recovered from http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=S&I21DBN=REF&P21DBN=REF&S21FMT=JwU_B&S21ALL=%28%3C.%3EU%
3D%D0%A5002.8$%3C.%3E%29&Z21ID=&S21SRW=dz&S21SRD=DOWN&S21STN=
1&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20
Orlov, O.V., & Onishchenko, Yu. M. (2014). Generalization of the international experience of creating a state system of prevention and prevention of crimes on the Internet. Theory and practice of public administration, 2, 212-219. Recovered from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Tpdu_2014_2_32
Perma.cc. (2018). Advarsel mod virtuelle valutaer (bitcoin m.fl.). Recovered from https://archive.org/details/perma_cc_UZ2E-G7S7
Petrovsky, O.M., & Livchuk, S.Yu. (2019). Problems of combating cybercrime: international experience and Ukrainian realities. A young scientist, 12(1), 55–59.
Popov, V. (2017). What is a "cryptocurrency"? Radio Svoboda. Recovered from https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/details/28742278.html
Pyrih, S.O. (2008). Payment systems. Kyiv: Center for Educational Literature. Recovered from https://www.studmed.ru/pirg-so-platzhn-sistemi_305a094.html
Rabinovich, P.M. (2007). Fundamentals of the general theory of law and the state. Lviv: Krai. Recovered from https://lvivpravo.at.ua/_ld/3/312__.-2007-_____-2.pdf
Romanyuk, Y. (2019). Financial responsibility as a category of financial law. Entrepreneurship, economy and law, 2, 231-235. Recovered from http://pgp-journal.kiev.ua/archive/2019/12/44.pdf
Serdyuk, I.A. (2010). Fundamentals of the theory of law enforcement relations. Dnepropetrovsk: Lira LTD.
Serdyuk, I.A. (2011). Methodological analysis of modern interpretations of the concept of "legal responsibility". Bulletin of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, 1, 30-35. Recovered from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/bmju_2011_1_6
Shemelynets, I.I. (2017). On the question of classification of types of legal liability. Transcarpathian legal readings. Irpin: Dumka. Recovered from https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/lib/13419
Shulga, M.V. (2013). Features of legal responsibility in land law. Kharkiv: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Recovered from https://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7200
Skakun, O.F. (2001). Theory of State and Law. Kharkiv: Consum. Recovered from http://www.dut.edu.ua/uploads/l_948_39072050.pdf
Spindler, J.E., & Summers, B.D. (1994). The Central Bank and the Payment System. The Payment System: Structure, Governance, and Control of the IMF. Washington: Lei.
Tchaikovsky, J.I. (2006). Payment systems. Ternopil: Carte Blanche.
Tkachenko, Yu. V. (2013). Features of constitutional and legal responsibility Law Forum, 3, 652-656. Recovered from https://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/5151/1/Tkachenko.pdf
United Nations. (2003). Convention against Corruption. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/.
Usoskin, V.M., & Belousova, V.Yu. (2010). World trends and development of payment systems. Money and Credit, 11, 39-48. Recovered from https://www.imemo.ru/publications/info/global-trends-payment-systems-development
Vovchak, O.D., Shpargalo, G.E., & Andriykiv, T. Ya. (2008). Payment systems. Kyiv: Knowledge.
Yushchenko, V.A., Savchenko, A.S., Tsokol, S.L., Novak, I.M., & Strakharchuk, V.P. (1998). Payment systems. Кyiv: Lybid.
Zayats, R. Ya. (2012). The concept and signs of administrative responsibility. Scientific notes of Lviv University of Business and Law, 8, 17-20 Recovered from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nzlubp_2012_8_6
Zaychuk, O.V., & Onishchenko, N.M. (Eds.). (2008). General theory of state and law. Kyiv: Jurinkom Inter.
Published
2021-07-30
How to Cite
Panova, L., Tsurkanu, S., Synieokyi, O., Dilna, Z., & Prymachenko, I. (2021). Liability in the field of digital payment systems and cryptocurrencies: mission is (im)possible?. Amazonia Investiga, 10(42), 186-195. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.42.06.17
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