Optimizing social sustainability in walkable university campus: A comparison between the old and new campuses of Sulaimani University
Keywords:
walkability; sustainability; sustainable campus; social connectedness; campus accessibility.
Abstract
Sustainable university campus design, to be walkable needs comprehensive planning that remarks the campuses as integrated whole; buildings and surroundings are considered as interrelated units rather than segmented parts. This paper shows a comparative study of the old and new campuses of Sulaimani University to compare social sustainability from the walkability point of view. Walkability as a feature of social sustainability is studied in this paper as walkability in built environment is assessed through four criteria which are connectivity, accessibility, safety/security and comfort. This paper has limited its empirical study to both connectivity and accessibility criteria in both campuses of Sulaimani University to test social sustainability in each campus. The aim of this paper is to achieve social sustainable campus design from the walkability point of view. The results showed that a compact campus design achieves both accessibility and connectedness rather than the linear design in means of social sustainability.
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References
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Makki, S., Surat, M., Che-Ani, A.I., Farkisch, H. and Mokhtarian, H.R. (2012). The importance of design characteristics in walking from student’s perspective: a case study in Universiti Kebangssn Malaysia. Journal of Building Performance, Vol 3 (1), pp. 42-49.
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Perrota, K., Campbell, M., Chirrey, S., Frank, L. and Chapman, J. (2012). The Walkable City: Neighbourhood Design and Preferences, Travel Choices and Health. Toronto: Toronto Public Health 2012.
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Zavaleta, D.; Samuel, K. and Mills, C. (2014). Social isolation: A conceptual and measurement proposal (OPHI Working Paper No. 67), University of Oxford.
Abley, S. (2010). Predicting Walkability. Walkability Scoping Paper, Living Streets Aotearoa (LSA), Walking Conference, James Cook Hotel Grand Chancellor, Wellington New Zealand.
Alam, M. I. (2018). A sustainable campus for the higher education institutions in the U.S. A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE, Iowa State University.
Asadi-Shekari, Z.; Moeinaddini, M. & Shah, M. Z. (2014). A pedestrian level of service method for evaluating and promoting walking facilities on campus streets. Land Use Policy journal, 38, pp. 175-193, DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.11.007
Biehle, J. (1991). Successful Master Planning. Planning for Higher Education, 19 (4), pp. 21-26.
Cato, M. S. (2009). Green Economics: An Introduction to theory, policy and practice. UK, London: Earthscan 2009, pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-1-84407-571-3.
Christian, S., Cochrane, S., Creelman, M., d'Apollonia, L., Talbot, G. & Wiggins, M. (2010). Studley Campus Walkability Assessment. Dalhouse University.
Colantonio, A. and Dixon, T. (2009). Measuring socially sustainable urban regeneration in Europe. Oxford Brookes University: Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development (OISD)
Cress, C. M. (2002). Campus climate. In A. M. Martinez, & K. A. Renn (Eds.), Women in higher education: An encyclopedia, pp. 390–397. Santa Barbara, CA:ABC-CLIO Inc. DOI:10.1145/2596695.2596719
Grenis, B. (2009). Crosswalk Installation and Modification Guidelines. University of Iowa Campus.
Grignaffini, S., Cappellanti, S. & Cefalo, A. (2008). Visualizing sustainability in urban conditions. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 1, pp. 253-262, 10 Jun 2008.
Henry, S. L.; Abou-Zahra, S. & Brewer, J. (2014). The role of accessibility in a universal.
Litman, T. (2019). Evaluating Accessibility for Transport Activities: Measuring People’s Ability to Reach Desired Goods and Activities. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Makki, S., Surat, M., Che-Ani, A.I., Farkisch, H. and Mokhtarian, H.R. (2012). The importance of design characteristics in walking from student’s perspective: a case study in Universiti Kebangssn Malaysia. Journal of Building Performance, Vol 3 (1), pp. 42-49.
McLennan, J. F. (2004). The Philosophy of Sustainable Design. Ecotone Publishing Company LLC; F First Edition edition.
Mushtaha, Emad S. (2015) Status of International Sustainable Campuses Improvement of Walkability as a Prerequisite for Sustainability, Conference: Quality Assurance in Engineering Education,17-19 March 2015, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
Perrota, K., Campbell, M., Chirrey, S., Frank, L. and Chapman, J. (2012). The Walkable City: Neighbourhood Design and Preferences, Travel Choices and Health. Toronto: Toronto Public Health 2012.
Southworth, M. (2005). Designing the walkable city. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 131(4), pp.246-257.
Tier, A., Wiitala, C., & Domokos, S. (2014). Walkability on University Avenue. Dalhousie University Inspiring Minds.
U.O.S., University of Sulaimani. (2001-2002). The University of Sulaimani, Prospectus: Academic year 2001-2002. Sulaimani University Press.
web. In Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A’14). ACM, New York, NY, Article 17, 4.
Woodcraft, S., Hackett, T. & Caistor-Arendar, L. (2011). Design for Social Sustainability: A framework for creating thriving new communities. London: The Young Foundation.
Xi, T., Ding, J., Jin, H. & Mochida, A. (2012). Study on the outdoor thermal environment and thermal comfort around campus clusters in subtropical urban areas, Building and Environment Journal. 52. pp.162-170. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.11.006
Zavaleta, D.; Samuel, K. and Mills, C. (2014). Social isolation: A conceptual and measurement proposal (OPHI Working Paper No. 67), University of Oxford.
Published
2020-11-23
How to Cite
Abdullah, W. (2020). Optimizing social sustainability in walkable university campus: A comparison between the old and new campuses of Sulaimani University. Amazonia Investiga, 9(34), 44-56. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.34.10.5
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