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DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2024.74.02.5
How to Cite:
Golkarian, G. (2024). Traces of theosophical approach in Jalal'ud-Din Muhammad Rumi. Amazonia Investiga, 13(74), 62-71.
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2024.74.02.5
Traces of theosophical approach in Jalal'ud-Din Muhammad Rumi
Следы теософского подхода у Джалалуд-Дина Мухаммада Руми
Received: January 12, 2024 Accepted: February 27, 2024
Written by:
Ghadir Golkarian1
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7089
Abstract
Rumi's concept of "Love," which He has
proposed for years, has been tried to be explained
from various perspectives. However, some
scholars claim that it consists of phrases
reflecting the content of "Divine Love," some of
them "The peak of human romanticism," and
some of them "Theosophy."
The critical works written by Rumi are Masnawi
and Divan-e Shams. He points out two crucial
issues there and even starts the poem at the
beginning of the Masnawi not with the name of
Allah, but with "Listen from the reed-flute!" In
this beginning, Rumi deals with the expressions
"separation" and "unity" and emphasizes that the
creature will prefer to return to the place it is
attached to.
This research examines theosophical approaches
based on Rumi's work. It tries to determine the
difference between romantic thinking,
theosophic approaches, and the love expressed
by Rumi. There are similarities between Rumi's
view and theosophism. However, the necessary
research has not been done in this regard. In
today's era, getting results about Rumi's thoughts
and mystical view of theosophism is essential.
This research is based on comparative studies
and the qualitative methodology. Corpus
selection was at the forefront, and Divan-e Kabir
and Masnawi were determined as the main works
and analysis sources.
Keywords: Rumi, theosophism, divine love,
romanticism, masnawi.
1
Prof. Dr., Near East University, Member of faculty & Chairman of Rumi Research Centre., Near East University, Nicosia/ Cyprus.
WoS Researcher ID: T-3725-2019
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Introduction
Rather than general information about Rumi, his
place and influence in today's literature constitute
the subject's essence. Although Rumi is defined
as a Sufi and knowledgeable about wisdom, three
critical issues in his works and his legacy are still
suitable for examination and academic research.
1. Man, 2. creation, 3. philosophy of life. Based
on Rumi's thought, the elements, and
interpretations that he gave meaning to life,
purposeful life related to creation and human-
society responsibilities, and ultimately, the
vision he created for humans are the subject of
considerable debate.
However, it is also inevitable to know his
importance in world literature and why his poems
are important in the field of comparative
literature in today's literature.
Jalalud-Din Muhammad Balkhi (Rumi) is
considered the most important Sufi Mystic Poet.
His existence and spiritual legacy are too famous
to fit within geographical boundaries. Because he
addresses humanity with divine love, he is the
property of the entire human world. Rumi and his
other works, especially Masnawi and Divan-e
Kabir, are among Sufi literature's most
mysterious and respected works. These works
also reveal many unidentified levels of
spirituality. Rumi intensely tried to use the native
language and convey his purpose. Knowledge of
truth that the senses cannot obtain is a
fundamental spiritual principle. (Lashari &
Awan, 2014, pp. 1-14).
This article examines the spiritual and vision
aspects while investigating the love aspect in
Rumi's poems. Rumi is considered an artist who
paints on a blank canvas with the magic of his
poetry and metrical words. He thinks the factor
that gives eternal life is "love" and introduces the
source of love as the essence of life. When one
considers his work and dives into his poems, it is
easy to understand the relationship and concept
of "Human-God" by evaluating beautiful
landscapes and images of landscapes through the
eyes of a traveler with an abstract methodical
approach.
The works created by Rumi are truly important
philosophical, wisdom, mystical, and literary
treasures. It can produce and educate all the
beauties of the world. Whether a concrete or
fictional character, Rumi can impact our minds
with a work of natural beauty. Masnawi's unique
blend of spiritual content and romanticism
remains permanent in readers' hearts with its
essence and fascinating notes. (Joshi, 2019,
pp. 7-15).
Hypothesis and critical question
As it is known, Rumi's thought has been
examined by researchers who have conducted
research on many Islamic literatures in the
present century, as well as by researchers who are
affiliated with Christian, Buddhist, Brahman, and
even Zoroastrian religions, and this has led to the
emergence of various areas of discussion.
The common opinion about Rumi is that he was
a wise man, a mystic, and a poet. However, in the
meantime, love for humanity, self-sacrifice,
keeping the covenant, and many similar positive
moral values present him as a humanist, and
some even criticize him. They describe him as a
person who exhibits the thought and approach of
Jesus.
However, some researchers who have recently
continued their studies in the "Mevlevi order"
field say he was a theosophical person. In this
context, our critical question is, "Is Rumi a
theosophist or a voice of Divine love?" it turns
out. The hypothesis is based on findings to
answer this question.
Theoretical framework or literature review
Within the theoretical framework, Mevlana's
analysis of love can be discussed from various
aspects. In this context, the idea of "love"
obtained based on literature review should be
evaluated semantically. Semantic analysis of the
language Rumi used to express love involves
understanding the deep meaning of the words,
metaphors, and symbols used in his works. There
may be various approaches to the semantic
analysis of the language Rumi used to express
love, considering some of its essential elements.
For example, Rumi describes the struggle
between separation and togetherness with the
metaphor of the "cauldron of love." A person
who disciplines and matures his soul by getting
rid of all undesirable desires and especially
worldly ambitions in the cauldron of love
transforms his heart into an environment where
God can be manifested.
In another place, Rumi expresses: "Those who
act with evidence and reasons have feet like
wooden legs. "Wooden legs are completely
unreliable and completely flimsy." According to
Rumi, judgment based on evidence and
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reasoning is related to worldly matters. Political,
legal, economic, etc. Conclusions can be reached
by reasoning about worldly issues. However,
reaching God and the truth of existence through
this path and method is like going on a world
journey with a wooden leg. In other words, Rumi
says that the mind does not have a function in
reaching God; it can only help us reach Him. In
this respect, Rumi does not accept that the issue
of determinism is identical to love and tries to
prove that the issue of love is related to the heart
and spirituality.
The symbolic richness of the language, the
spiritual dimension of love, the ironic use of the
language, the semantic analysis of love, and other
issues can be considered as the subject of
analysis. Still, this article is evaluated in terms of
theosophic, considering the "semantic analysis of
love."
Human beings are creatures that wonder, ask
questions, and ultimately improve themselves.
Rumi, in all his works, especially Masnawi,
described the human being through the balance
of mind/heart and mentioned that he should be
satisfied mentally and spiritually. In this regard,
Rumi, who talks about the need for man to
develop himself both physically and spiritually
and explains in a didactic manner how to achieve
this in his works, emphasizes that bad habits and
the evils that arise from them are prevented by
revealing the essence of the human being. After
all, according to Rumi, what makes a person
human is the ability to think and question the
things, beings, and life around him, especially
himself and his actions. While doing this, it is
necessary to rely on knowledge on the one hand
and wisdom on the other.
Methodology
In terms of developing the methodology to carry
out the semantic analysis of love, a systematic
approach to understanding the deep meaning of
the language in Rumi's works was considered. In
this context, the qualitative and comparative
method as a methodology, corpus selection was
at the forefront, and Divan-e Kabir and Masnawi
were determined as the main works and analysis
sources. In addition, conceptual metaphor
analysis was also discussed in terms of
representing abstract concepts of love. The
metaphor "Love is a journey" is emphasized in
this context.
Comparisons have been made on the following
essential points of Mevlana's philosophy of love.
A research article analyzed the subject of love
and the philosophy of love by making necessary
semantic and interpretive comparisons on
Mevlana's important poems, in his Divan-ı Kebir
and Masnawi, and the works and comments of
people working in Sufi literature in the following
centuries. In this context, the topics emphasized
regarding Rumi's philosophy of love are as
follows:
a) Cauldron of Love Metaphor: Rumi describes
a person's inner journey using the metaphor
of the "cauldron of love." Based on many
sample poems, Rumi's unity on the subject
occurs in an entirely spiritual meaning and
environment.
b) The Relationship between Mind and Love:
Rumi addresses the relationship between
mind and love differently. Again, the
following facts were obtained based on the
poems determined during the research.
While the mind operates with evidence and
reason regarding worldly matters, love
operates on a spiritual dimension. According
to Rumi, reason is insufficient to reach God;
love can help people reach Him.
c) Philosophy of Faith and Love: In Rumi's
works, he emphasizes that the human mind
is limited and that the philosophy of faith
and love should be resorted to when the
power of the mind ends. Even the poem
"Ney Name" proves that faith and love play
an essential role in a person's reaching God.
d) Self-Realization of Man: In Rumi's system
of thought, the concept of "self-realization"
is not in the sense expressed by personal
developmentists or psychologists. It means
that a person realizes himself, is surrounded
by love, and matures to reach God. Rumi's
philosophy of love should be examined in
depth to understand man's inner journey and
spiritual quests. His works are essential to
love and man's reaching for God.
All data were analyzed by comparing sample
poems with the approaches and interpretations in
other literature based on two important works of
Rumi.
Results and discusión
As a person of love, Rumi watches and evaluates
people, things, beings, and the universe from the
window of his heart. Rumi's ideas, thoughts, and
views give meaning to all the objects created
with a focus on the "love" concept of love and
attach importance to tolerance and acceptance of
life's bitter or sweet events and developments-
changes based on love. He always described the
rising of the Moon, the setting of the Sun, and the
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rotation of the Earth in terms of "love" and
emphasized that the source of evil and horror was
"lovelessness and lack of love."
Since Rumi has a deep respect for nature, or in
other words, the "essence" of every human being,
he has and continues to have many fans and
followers from every branch and in every period.
After him, his ideas, views, and lifestyles were
systematized, and the "Moulavi Order" branch of
the sea of Sufism emerged. Moulavi's order
reflects a deep civilization and state. This way,
many men of science, art, literature, and politics
were cultivated. Thus, precious people were
raised in Moulavi dervish lodges. (Top, 2007,
p. 776).
Jalaled-Din Rumi is a thinker with an essential
place in the Islamic Sufism tradition. The
concept of love frequently appears in Rumi's
poems and teachings. According to Rumi, love is
man's love for God. Love is a tool for man to
transcend himself and get closer to God.
Although Rumi's understanding of love has
similarities with romanticism, it offers another
philosophical meaning. When we look at Rumi's
thoughts, it is understood that he put forward a
movement in which Theosophism, Romanticism,
emotion, and imagination are essential. But when
it comes to the question of which aspect can be
dominant, it is possible to understand Rumi's
deep thought through the approaches in his
poems.
Like romanticism, Rumi's understanding of love
knows that emotion and imagination are
essential. (Rezaie & A'alami, 2019, pp. 87-116).
It is clearly understood that Rumi's love poems
express man's love for God and his return to Him.
To give an example from Rumi's love poems:
(Rumi J.-D. M., 2001a, p. 108).
"I burn with the fire of love; I will become ashes;
I am the one who loves you; I am the one who
loves you!"
In this poem, Rumi expresses how love burns
people to ashes. The fact that love burns people
to ashes is a tool for people to transcend
themselves and get closer to God. Rumi's love
poems express man's love for God. Even though
Rumi's understanding of love and romanticism
only reflects the wave of divine love, the
theosophical approach has a deep meaning.
Romanticism is a movement in which emotion
and imagination are valued. Like romanticism,
Rumi's understanding of love knows that
emotion and creativity are essential. But when
we look at his similar poems, he may always seek
to return to where he came from and become the
same as the beginning.
What is Theosophy?
Theosophy is a concept that generally
encompasses mystical and esoteric teachings.
Theosophy deals with topics such as the nature
of the world and the universe, human evolution,
immortality of the soul, and universal wisdom.
The theosophy movement first emerged in the
mid-19th century and aimed to bring together
many different traditions and teachings. (Eşmeli
& Topal, 2022, pp. 91-107).
Theosophy is a term derived from the Greek
words "theos" (God) and "sophia" (wisdom). At
its core, it includes a series of teachings covering
metaphysical topics such as the nature of the
universe, human evolution, and the soul's
immortality. Theosophy lies at the intersection of
mysticism, philosophy of religion, and esoteric
teachings. (Faivre, 1998, pp. 1-10).
When we look at the concepts in Rumi's poems,
we can see that the same themes generally
operate. Wisdom is given an important place in
Rumi's thought, and human beings can only
reach the highest level from the lowest level with
knowledge, which is only possible through four
gradual steps. (Naseh & Akhlaghifard, 2018,
pp. 254-264) The wisdom story is achieved
through Sect- Shariah- Ingenuity- truth. So, it
seems that Rumi, with a completely theosophical
approach, defends that man will be immortal and
return to his essence by nature. In this respect, he
describes the night he will die as "Şeb-i Arus"
(Night of Wedding). In other words, the night he
will reach God symbolizes the excitement and
love a groom can experience with his bride.
History and origins
The Theosophical movement was founded in the
mid-19th century by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky,
Henry Steel Olcott, and several other pioneers.
Blavatsky's works "Isis Unveiled," published in
1877, and "The Secret Doctrine," published in
1888, are among the primary texts of Theosophy.
In these works, Blavatsky tried to explain
supernatural events, mystical teachings, and the
mysteries of the universe. (Gül, 2017, pp. 1-20).
Theosophy is significantly influenced by Indian
and Eastern philosophy, Western mysticism, and
ancient religions. Vedanta and Yoga teachings in
India include traditions such as Taoism,
Kabbalah, and Gnosticism.
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Fundamental beliefs of theosophical thought
Theosophical teachings suggest that the universe
is a whole and that everything is interrelated in a
universal context. Some of the core beliefs
include:
1. Universal Unity: According to philosophical
teachings, every part of the universe is
interconnected. There is the same universal
spirit in everything.
2. Reincarnation and Karma: Theosophy
adopts the concepts of reincarnation and
karma. Accordingly, people evolve over
many lifetimes and suffer the consequences
of their actions.
3. Supernatural Phenomena: Theosophy also
includes understanding supernatural
phenomena and man's inner potential.
Subjects such as telepathy, telekinesis, and
psychic abilities are among theosophical
beliefs.
4. Universal Wisdom: Theosophy aims to
discover the deep secrets of the universe. It
is about the attempt to understand human
evolution and cosmic reality.
Modern influences and criticisms
Theosophy significantly impacted the early 20th
century, especially in the Western world.
However, some have claimed that Theosophy is
speculative and not based on scientific
foundations. Moreover, some teachings of
Theosophy cannot be accepted independently of
the religious and cultural context. (Quinn, 1997,
p. 132).
As a result, Theosophy represents more than a
belief system for many people. It is a way to
discover the universe's secrets, realize human
spiritual potential, and seek universal wisdom.
However, it is not a doctrine everyone will accept
and is often questioned by critics. Theosophy
reflects the attempt to understand man's
relationship with the universe, soul, and destiny.
No matter how acceptable and scientific it may
be, it cannot be denied that Theosophy has
contributed to humanity's philosophical and
religious pursuits. (Versluis, 1994, p. 87).
Romanticism and Theosophism approach in
Rumi's views
Rumi's most famous work, "Masnawi," is a type
of poetry with rhymes comprising 26 thousand
couplets. It consists of 6 volumes; It was
completed in 9 years with a 2-year break.
Scholars describe Masnawi as a Sufi
commentary of the Quran and the book of
reaching the truth. It contains 270 stories and
parables expressed in poetic language. While
explaining these, verses and hadiths were used.
(Kayışlı & Önal, 2022, pp. 528-541).
In Masnawi, striking messages come after the
stories. In his works, Rumi refers to specific
subjects (concrete) in isolation (abstract); It deals
mainly with internal and essential concepts. He
handles the subtleties with full attention in the
stories he tells. He deals with mind, soul, heart,
love, and spirit issues. Its purpose is to save man
from worldly passions and attachments, take him
to the highest stages and ranks, and glorify him.
It is possible to see the closeness of thought to
Rumi's Theosophical teachings in Masnavi.
Article 1 of the Teachings speaks of "Universal
Unity." In this context, the Sufi view parallels the
same thought. Because according to Sufism,
everything depends on the principle of "Unity of
Body." Unity of body is an essential concept in
the Islamic Sufi tradition and has been discussed
by many Muslim thinkers. This concept means
"being together". According to "Vahdeti vücut"
(Unity of Body), all beings are manifestations of
a single being, Allah, and everything expresses
Allah. This idea is also found in the philosophy
of Seyyed Imadeddin Nasimi. (Golkarian, 2020,
pp. 264-272).
In his poem, Rumi says the following about the
unity of existence or cosmic unity (Balkhi, 1998,
p. 29).
 / 
We are all from nothingness, but our existences
remain, and we will be, in any case, returning to
our origin.
The second issue comes from the theosophical
teachings related to the issue of reincarnation.
However, reincarnation is not accepted in Islamic
teachings and is considered a false belief. But by
observing such a poem by Rumi, you can
understand that he believed in reincarnation.
(Balkhi , 2002, p. 135).
 / 
 / 
 / 
At first, it was born in the form of a solid being,
and then it changed into a plant. Then, he spent
many years in a vegetative state, and during this
period of his life, he did not remember anything
from his solid state. When he changed from a
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vegetable to an animal, he remembered nothing
from his time as a vegetable.
Rumi also talks about the supernatural
phenomena and the inner abilities of man, which
is in line with the third teachings of the
theosophical perspective (Balkhi, &
Divan-e Shams, 2019, p. 33).
 / 

 / 

O brother of my nature, know that you have a
remarkable ability based on your intellect and
power of thinking. And if you did not have
wisdom and thought, you would be nothing but
skin and bones. If your wisdom and thoughts are
like flowers, be sure your whole being will be
flowers. But if your thoughts are thorny and
harmful, know that you will become a pile of
thorns.
And in another place, he expresses his thinking
following the fourth doctrine of theosophical
theory. This theory refers to universal wisdom
and believes everything happens according to
wisdom. If something happens to man, it is from
God's mercy. But what man wants but does not
achieve is due to divine wisdom, which has the
same result as mercy. Because of this insight,
Rumi pointed out the bitter and sweet events in
life and believed that nothing is without reason
and that all events become objective for human
evolution. In this regard, such a poem from Rumi
can be used as an example: (Rumi, 2001b,
p. 1674).
 / 
 /   / 
We are from a high and superior world and will
go to the top. We are the separated drop from the
sea that will eventually join the sea. We do not
have a fixed place in the current world, and this
world has dimensions and sizes that we do not fit
into. When we go to that world, a place will have
no meaning, and everything will be the same.
Hence, it is eternal. According to the false belief
that every human life is connected to a star, we
are not forced to travel around the Moon. We do
not go around the Moon or the Sun, but our place
is higher and higher than the Moon.
Masnawi considers the wisdom side of the events
people witness around them. He uses some
specific examples as symbols for this. For
example, the rooster represents "lust," the
peacock represents "rank," and the crow
represents "excess of desires," that is, excessive
desire and insatiability.
Rumi is a great spiritual educator who evaluates
people at every stage. He said that you cannot
understand anything without understanding
people. Also, Masnawi is the paradise of the
hearts of those who get rid of selfishness and self-
centeredness.
In his essential work Masnawi, Rumi begins his
words with "Listen to reed flute!" With this
appealing word, he obliges the reader to think
and carefully analyze the terms. Why does he
take up the symbol of "reed flute"? In his opinion,
everything happens by listening. Only listening
deeply to the voice of the universe, the Holy
Books' speeches, and the Prophets' words is
possible. Rumi wants to express this by saying,
"Listen to the reed flute," said to all persons,
"Listen to the revelation!"
"Listening" is an essential principle in Sufism. It
is not the speaker but the listener who learns. The
ear is the entrance to knowledge. To emphasize
the importance of listening, elders say, "Teach
your child to listen; he will learn to speak
anyway!" In addition, those who listen are
recorded in the mind, and what is read and
written is recorded in the lines. What is in the
bars, digital records, can be deleted, but what is
in the mind is not deleted; it is permanent.
While human life is in the state of reading and
listening, one should listen to the "reed flute,"
made of a smooth reed from which delicious
sounds and melodies come. That "reed flute" is
not an ordinary musical instrument. In Rumi's
Masnawi, everything begins with the story and
complaint of the reed flute. The narrator of
Masnawi is, first, a story poet. He is like the
storyteller of unread words, with all the secrets of
reading the lyrical comments of concepts. His
interest is in storytelling, and his habit is in
storytelling. So much so that he sometimes tells
stories, even in his ghazal lyrics. Throughout the
novel, Rumi directs the attentive reader to the
world beyond the level, which, according to
some researchers, is a duality. Or it allows the
issue of reaching conclusions through
contradictions in the style of expression.
The reader goes beyond the world of narration,
even the excitement of Sufism, into the field of
education. Masnawi's stories and anecdotes,
which may rarely be the poet's invention, often
draw from the famous and widespread traditions
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and collections of his time or age or the tales and
stories reported in the lectures and articles of
Shams Tabrizi or from books and rules about the
situations and sayings of Sufi sheiks, or even
from books of typical Arabic and Persian
literature. (Zarrinkoub, 1998, pp. 297-300).
Rumi conveys his literary method and how to
express his love by constantly resorting to
allegory and these stories of address. Of course,
Rumi's aim is not just to tell stories. Instead, it is
a kind of allegory and argument in which the
reader can understand the story and reach the
main facts. However, the way the story is written
makes the subject of love attractive in works such
as Masnawi and Divan-e Shams, and inferences
are made based on the story to achieve the goal,
making it a unique character.
Rumi sees the story as a criterion for measuring
meanings and draws attention to the importance
of understanding story concepts. Therefore,
according to Rumi, love and romance are not the
peak of excitement and emotion a person
perceives physically. On the contrary,
romanticism has a different meaning in Rumi.
Therefore, the meanings of love and romance in
Rumi can be interpreted as a philosophical
concept, and it would not be an exaggeration if
we call it "Theosophy."
"Reed" in Sufism represents the perfect human
being, the scholars, and the perfect guides who
have transcended their ego, freed themselves
from sins, and are at the level of taking refuge in
God Almighty with a sublime heart. In other
words, the flute is likened to nature, and the reed
is likened to the world of the heart. (Esparham &
Tasdigi, 2018, pp. 87-114).
Rumi says in his story "Reed Flute" (Balkhi,
1982, p. 13).
 / 

 / 
 /  
 / 

Listen, what is the reed about? Because it tells a
story. Its story is to complain about separations!
From the moment they cut me off from the reed,
everyone - man and woman - cried out of pity for
this pity. I look for such a heart that it is torn to
pieces by the pain of separation. Because such a
heart already understands what I say. Let us
know this: whoever stays away from his essence
and origin will eventually return to himself and
his creator and unite with his heart.
With these couplets, Rumi reveals that he gives
meaning to life according to theosophical
fundamental beliefs and thoughts.
If the reed flute is a heartstring with heartfelt and
warm moans that always remind one of
separation and sadness, a person disconnected
from his origin and essence feels empty inside
and aches from break, just like the reed flute.
Returning to his heart is the only thing that
comforts him and relieves his heartache.
According to Rumi, the world we live in is just a
route. As point "A" is our original, point "Z" will
also be ours. Therefore, what we experience in
life are the factors that constantly push us
towards our essence.
According to Rumi, nothing is meaningless, and
even though they are seemingly contradictory,
they are always in unity. This idea of Rumi also
coincides with the "Yin Yang" philosophy. Rumi
refers to the "Principle of Contrasts" in all his
narratives.
He says in another poem: (Ankaravî, 2005,
p. 188).
 /

 / 
 / 
 / 
 د
Because of love, thorns become roses. Sour
vinegars are sweetened same honey. If there is
love, the gallows turn into a bed. And again, with
love, misfortune turns into happiness. If there is
love, even fire becomes light, and with love,
ghouls change into fairies. If there is love, the
stone becomes soft like oil, but the wax becomes
steel when there is no love.
The accurate interpretation of Love in Rumi
The basis of the Moulavi profession and Sufi
method and school is love. In Rumi's
understanding of Sufism, love is the doctor of all
causes and the cure for all internal and spiritual
diseases of human beings. But what Rumi means
by love is divine love, devotion to God, and the
longing to return to Him.
The meaning of love in romanticism is lust; The
manifestation of love is sensual. Love is a reality
that cannot be understood in a virtual
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environment. Virtual love looks for juice, color,
and showiness. The person who has worldly love
and romantic characteristics is the one who
completely dominates excitement and emotion.
Love is the key to the secret of Rumi's thoughts
and works. For this reason, Rumi's Mesnevi
begins and ends with love. This love is essential
because it eliminates self-centered aggression
from people and forces people to be educated as
their instincts require. According to Rumi, one
can forget everything with love by avoiding
predatory behavior, the struggle for survival,
greed, jealousy, evil, unhealthy competition, and
hypocrisy. If a person wants perfection, he
should not fall in love with a mortal lover; he
should have two identical signs of the lover and
the beloved; he should see himself as one of
God's attributes and think about God's
manifestation. Rumi says that worldly man can
only be perfect by seeing himself in God and
understanding the existence of divine love in his
essence. Then, he can fully demonstrate the
concept and reality of the lover and the beloved.
Rumi tried to integrate beyond logical changes,
and he worked in the field of knowledge,
wisdom, and mysticism, but the education of
mystical love and working on the ground in the
hearts of the curious literature. He used primary
language to get his point across but made a
concerted effort to convey it. It is known that the
knowledge of truth that cannot be obtained
through the senses is a fundamental principle in
spirituality. Love is no longer fully understood as
a complex subject due to developments arising
from worldly issues. Rather than the known
human love and romantic love, Mystical love is
explained by Rumi with simple verses that can
contain many intelligent aspects. The diverse
romantic elements of the seeker further enhance
the beauty of spiritualism. Rumi can impact our
minds with a work of true beauty, whether a
concrete thing or a structured character.
(Golkarian, 2018, pp. 423-430).
Rumi works more logically while adding
charisma and power when writing his poetry. As
we have already mentioned, the definition of
love, when it comes to it, is subject to great
debate, which makes a comparative study of
Rumi's and Shakespeare's poems on the subject
of love quite tricky. Rumi praises holy love so
much that he interprets dying for love as being
able to come to life again. So, dying for the sake
of love is not the known bitter death but perhaps
a sweet rebirth. He expresses this issue in his
poem as follows: (Balkhi, 1994, p. 636).
 / 
  / 
  / 

Die, die in this love. Because in love, you come
to life again through death. Die, and do not be
afraid of death. Because if you move away from
the Earth, you become heavenly. Die so that by
the end, you will be free from self. You are a
prisoner because the self is a chain attached to
your feet.
Rumi uses a unique method to convey his
emotional words to his readers: he chooses to
write poems in Persian language and ghazel verse
forms.
The work known as Divan-e Shams or Divan-e
Kabir is entirely related to the subject of love by
Rumi. The love-themed topics covered in the
work mentioned above are impressive in content
and structure. The structural method used in
Divan-e Shams is the "Ghazel" form. Rumi feels
useless in expressing love without holding on to
the ghazal in this work. Therefore, ghazal and
love-themed topics are elements that integrate.
In Persian literature, ghazals are the most crucial
way of expressing love. "The word ghazal itself
not only refers to romantic contexts and themes
in the poem but also describes a certain form used
in poems about love." (Pournamdarian, 1995,
p. 37).
The love-type poems presented in ghazals can be
divided into two groups: romantic and mystical.
As it is known, ghazal content defines love as
turning to "beautiful," which can be physical
objects or intellectual items.
Conclusion
Since the basis of Rumi's Sufi school is love, the
narration of love stories in his Masnewi is quite
impressive. Rumi believes the lover and the
beloved should be the same. The relationship
should be more intimate and complete. Rumi, in
his stories in his book Masnewi, tries to defeat
formalism in love and proves that if love is real,
it can give character to a person. In short, Rumi
expresses the beautiful and mystical
understanding that comes from true love because
true love is the foundation of his cult.
The current research aims to define love and
romance through a mysticism and theosophical
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approach rather than ideological manipulation. In
the study, the necessary analysis was made
through sample poems and quotes. Rumi's works
have been translated or commented on by many
people. However, for some, the subject of love
has been paired with romance, paving the way for
manipulation. In this context, Rumi revealed
different ideas and conceptualizations in his
Masnawi.
As it is known, deviated parameters related to
love may inevitably affect the reader's perception
of the text and the author's image in the target
context. Based on the findings in the article, the
current research can be considered necessary in
revealing the incompatibility between the source
text's ideology and the target text's subtexts. The
results also reveal a systematic tendency to
romanticize (human or mystical) the reader and
be comfortable with theosophical thoughts.
Although the current research objectives were
achieved, limitations that could be addressed for
further research should be highlighted. In
addition, the emergence of different
interpretations of Rumi's poems when translated
into Arabic, Turkish, German, and English,
unfortunately, not only creates his whole
approach to love. Sometimes, personal
interpretations also confuse and even
overshadow Rumi's personality. In this context,
the issue of the perception of love and romance
from Mevlana's perspective needs to be further
investigated. For this reason, the article's primary
goal is to prove that there are Theosophical traces
in Rumi's way of thinking.
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