essential in preserving cultural heritage.
Import substitution is another issue that
creates a sustainable local economy since
expertise, labor, and materials from the local
market are mainly used for the preservation
of cultural heritage. The differentiation of
products usually gains a monetary premium,
and cultural heritage is an element that best
expresses the diversity and identity of a
place (Gražulevičiūtė, 2006).
− Sustainability and environmental
considerations: The development and
revival of communities depend heavily on
architectural conservation. Communities
maintain their sense of place and cultural
identity by maintaining historic buildings
(Correia et al, 2014). Neighborhoods and
heritage areas that have been well-preserved
frequently draw businesses, people to live
there, and investors, which boosts the local
economy and raises property value.
Additionally, revitalized areas for
community activities are created by historic
building restoration and adaptive reuse,
improving the quality of life for locals
(O'Reilly, 2005).
− Educational and research opportunities: To
further the understanding of architectural
history, conventional building methods, and
cultural assets, architectural conservation
offers educational and research
opportunities. By sponsoring academic
research, cultural institutions, and heritage
organizations, it promotes a broader
understanding and appreciation of the built
environment (Jokilehto, 2017).
Architectural conservation terminologies
Architecture, history, art, engineering, and
archaeology are all included in the
interdisciplinary study of architectural
conservation. The different terminology used in
architectural conservation are crucial for
comprehending the field's many facets. An
overview of the terms and definitions typically
used in architectural conservation is given in this
examination of the literature.
− Conservation: John Ruskin, a 19th-century
English art critic and writer, defined
"conservation" as the process of preserving
or maintaining a building's historical,
cultural, and architectural significance.
(Ruskin, 1849). Conservation is a proactive
approach that focuses on preventive
maintenance and repair of buildings and
sites, rather than restoring them after
damage has occurred. (ICOMOS, 2010).
− Restoration: In architectural conservation,
the term "restoration" is frequently used to
describe the process of returning a structure
or location to its former form and state. To
ensure that the building or site is
appropriately restored to its historical,
cultural, and architectural value, significant
research and documentation are required.
The Venice Charter, written by the
International Council on Monuments and
Sites (ICOMOS) in 1964, defines restoration
as "the action or process of accurately
revealing the form and features of a building,
structure, or site as they appeared at a
particular period in its history." (ICOMOS,
1964)
− Preservation: Another term frequently used
in architectural conservation is
"preservation," which describes the process
of keeping a building or place in its current
condition without making significant
changes. The goal of preservation is to
conserve the building or site's original
character and significance while stabilizing
and protecting it. Preservation, according to
the National Park Service, is "the act or
process of applying measures necessary to
sustain the existing form, integrity, and
materials of a historic property." (National
Park Service, 1993) The goal of preservation
is to stabilize and sustain the building or
site's current condition with little or no
intervention.
− Rehabilitation: The act of adapting a
building or site for a new purpose while
maintaining its historical, cultural, and
architectural significance is referred to as
"rehabilitation." To accommodate new uses,
rehabilitation entails substantial site or
building modifications, but these alterations
shouldn't diminish the significance of the
original structure. Rehabilitation is
described in the Secretary of the Interior's
Standards for Rehabilitation as "the process
of returning a property to a state of utility,
through repair or alteration, which makes
possible an efficient contemporary use while
preserving those portions and features of the
property which are significant to its historic,
architectural, and cultural values." (National
Park Service, 1993)
A wide range of expertise and abilities are
needed for the difficult and interdisciplinary
topic of architectural conservation. To ensure
that structures and sites are preserved and
protected for future generations, it is essential to
understand the numerous terminologies used in
architectural conservation. The most often used