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DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.63.03.20
How to Cite:
Medvedieva, M., Oneshko, S., Roik, O., Yaremko, I., & Khudaverdiyeva, V. (2023). Efficiency of managing regional economic
development in wartime (Ukrainian experience). Amazonia Investiga, 12(63), 214-223. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.63.03.20
Efficiency of managing regional economic development in wartime
(Ukrainian experience)
Eficacia de la gestión del desarrollo económico regional en tiempos de guerra
(experiencia ucraniana)
Received: March 4, 2023 Accepted: April 15, 2023
Written by:
Maryna Medvedieva1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-2720
https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/34485048
Svitlana Oneshko2
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-3984
Oksana Roik3
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-8068
Ihor Yaremko4
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0609
https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/859612
Viкtoriya Khudaverdiyeva5
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-5079
https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/2780654
Abstract
Each state has its own regional peculiarities, just
as each state should take all possible measures to
ensure the uniform and efficient economic
development of each of its regions, in accordance
with the existing potential and the infrastructure
already in place. In order to develop measures for
effective management of the economic
development of regions, it is necessary to
conduct a retrospective analysis of statistical
data, which will allow to identify the peculiarities
of their current financial condition and group
them by the degree of development.
Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to
determine the optimal approaches to ensuring the
effectiveness of regional economic development
management, taking into account the martial law
in Ukraine.
The performance of regional enterprises,
investment volumes and output are largely
1
Ph.D. in Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Doctoral Candidate Department of Economics, Accounting and
Taxation, State Higher Education Establishment "Donetsk National Technical University", Ukraine.
2
PhD of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor Department of Economics and Finance, Institute of Marine Business, Odessa
National Maritime University, Ukraine.
3
Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Tourism, Associate professor Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of
Sustainable Development “Lviv Polytechnic” National University, Ukraine.
4
DSe(Econ.), Professor, Head of Department of Accounting and Analysis Institute of Economics and Management Lviv Polytechnic
National University, Ukraine.
5
Ph.D. in Economic Sciences, Docent Department of Tourism, Faculty of management of trade, business and customs activities, State
Biotechnological University (SBTU), Ukraine.
Medvedieva, M., Oneshko, S., Roik, O., Yaremko, I., Khudaverdiyeva, V. / Volume 12 - Issue 63: 214-223 / March, 2023
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determined by market mechanisms and
incentives that support concentration processes
and lead to the growth of spatial disparities
within Ukraine. The uneven development of
regions, especially under martial law, may
exacerbate social and demographic problems,
which will complicate economic recovery after
the end of hostilities.
The study identified the main directions of
regional development, according to their
belonging to a particular cluster, and formulated
recommendations aimed at improving the
economic efficiency of the regions.
Keywords: regional development, capital
investments, regional economy, gross regional
product, development potential.
Introduction
Uniform development of the country's regions is
the key to the effective realization of the potential
of the entire country. Accordingly, the state faces
an important task of ensuring sustainable
development of the regions, considering their
geographical, financial and production specifics.
Since the outbreak of a full-scale war in Ukraine,
none of the regions has been spared from fighting
or destruction because of missile attacks, energy
infrastructure has been significantly damaged,
and in some regions entire cities have been
destroyed and production has been halted.
Nevertheless, the State continues to function and
ensure the development of the regions, and
accordingly, there is a need to determine the
optimal approaches to ensuring the effectiveness
of regional economic development management
in wartime, which can be defined as the purpose
of the article. In the process of researching the
areas of effective management of regional
development, it is necessary to take into account
the peculiarities of development of each region at
the present stage, and for this purpose it is quite
logical to use approaches to clustering of
Ukrainian regions, according to their financial
condition, and to develop specific
recommendations for each particular cluster,
taking into account its specifics.
Literature Review
The current stage of Ukraine's socio-economic
development, which depends on the challenges
of military operations and is subordinated to the
results of the Ukrainian army at the front,
requires a deep understanding of the role of
regional development in shaping a unified
approach to ensuring the country's sustainable
development. Today in Ukraine, the issue of
uneven regional development is particularly
acute, which has become more urgent with the
outbreak of full-scale hostilities on the territory
of Ukraine. The eastern, southern, and northern
regions have suffered significant destruction, the
central and western parts of the country have
received a significant number of internally
displaced persons and have also suffered
destruction of infrastructure facilities, and these
features should be considered when formulating
a development program for each individual
region. However, the uneven development of
Ukraine's regions was also evident in the pre-war
period and was due to the geographical,
demographic and social specifics of each of
them. Therefore, it is worth focusing on the
review of scientific sources that are specifically
devoted to the peculiarities of ensuring effective
regional development in countries with a
heterogeneous structure.
In the scientific literature, the authors mostly
emphasize that regional development is the basis
for the economic success of the state (Calero &
Turner, 2020; Mustafin et al., 2022). At the same
time, the government should strive to ensure
maximum uniformity of regional development.
Of course, this is quite difficult to achieve,
especially for large states located on vast
territories, but the uniform development of
regions should become one of the priorities of
state policy in ensuring the sustainable
development of administrative units (Rantala &
Ukko, 2019).
According to leading scientists (Hendri et al.,
2020; Feißt et al., 2019), the first step towards
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diagnosing and further reforming the state of
regional development is to conduct an in-depth
analysis of statistical data and, if necessary,
cluster regions according to the state of their
economic and financial development, the amount
of investment attracted, and the potential for the
development of certain industries. The issues of
regional clustering are also described in some
detail in the literature (Lin, 2020; Michálková et
al., 2023) and allow for the selection of initial
data for analysis, as well as the use of the results
to develop measures specific to each unique
group of regions.
Recommendations for the development of
regional activities can be focused primarily on
developing a plan to attract investment from
private and institutional investors (Kibik et al.,
2022; De Propris & Bailey, 2021), as well as on
creating favorable conditions for the
development of innovation activity in the regions
(Kruszelnicki et al., 2020; Tödtling & Trippl.,
2018). Innovation activity should not be
concentrated in a particular sector or industry, it
can be implemented in any area, but is a
prerequisite for the timely and comprehensive
development of regions.
A separate area of research (Alzyadat & Al-
Nsour, 2021; Zhou et al., 2021) is the
development of financial management tools at
the regional level, as the quality of management
decisions made at the local government level
determines the region's ability to create favorable
conditions for business development and the
flow of investment into the region.
The issue of defining indicators of regional
development performance and efficiency
remains controversial in the literature.
Representatives of one group of researchers
(Eriksson et al., 2017; Govindarajan, 2019;
Saputra et al., 2019) primarily propose to focus
on indicators of budget revenues and financial
performance of public authorities; others
(Henning, 2019; Michálková et al., 2023) focus
on the inflow of labor to the region and the
availability of tourist flows. It is worth noting
that a universal methodological approach to
determining the effectiveness of regional
development has not yet been presented in the
literature and this may be an area for further
research.
Methodology
The problem of uneven economic activity in the
regions is relevant not only for Ukraine, but also
for the leadership of many countries, as the
ability to ensure the effective functioning of the
state as a whole largely depends on the well-
planned development of the regions. Ukraine has
a total area of 603,700 km² and is located in
several climatic zones, and the regions have
different historical backgrounds and levels of
development, resulting in disparities in the
development of different regions, which
necessitates understanding the specifics of each
region's development and the formation of
unique areas of economic growth in each of
them.
To assess the current development of regions, it
is necessary to take into account statistical data
in the dynamics, so it is advisable to use the
method of statistical analysis (Ahmad et al.,
2018; Rauhut et al., 2020). The use of this
method will allow to diagnose the problems and
potential of each region.
After the statistical analysis, it is logical to move
on to grouping the regions by the criterion of
their economic status and the volume of GNP
generated by a particular region, which can be
done using cluster analysis. The use of clustering
will allow to develop recommendations for each
individual group of regions for their further
development.
The study used general scientific methods of
analysis, synthesis, generalization,
systematization, graphical presentation of
material, induction, deduction, comparison and
specification, as well as specific methods of
statistical and cluster analysis.
Results and Discussion
One of the main indicators that helps to
determine the effectiveness of the regional
economy is the gross regional product (GRP),
which reflects the total value of all goods and
services produced in the region. The GRP
indicator can be used to assess the development
potential of regions and identify leaders in terms
of production, since the total value of
manufactured products and services can
indirectly indicate the availability of jobs and
total tax revenues to the state budget from a
particular region (Medeiros & Rauhut, 2020;
Saputra et al., 2020).
Data on GRP volumes are published by the State
Statistics Service of Ukraine (State Statistics
Service of Ukraine, 2023), and are illustrated in
Fig. 1.
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Fig. 1. Gross regional product (mln. UAH)
(Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2023)
In national currency terms, the GRP is growing
steadily, and the inflationary nature of this
growth should certainly be taken into account,
but inflation is not the only driver of the growth
in the value of products manufactured in the
regions. Ukraine has been developing
international trade and strengthening its position
in economic development in the pre-war period,
so this growth is an absolute positive
characteristic of the entire country. However, it
is worth noting that the leader in GRP formation
is the city of Kyiv, as the capital, where a
significant number of large companies are
registered. Concentration of large companies and
production facilities in the capital region is a
typical situation for a rich country and can be
regulated by applying mechanisms of industrial,
financial, and economic decentralization.
Dnipropetrovs'k and Donetsk (until 2014)
regions also generated significant GRP indicators
due to the industrial production concentrated in
these areas processing, metallurgical and
machine-building plants.
After analyzing the GRP, it is logical to move on
to the index of production output (Iammarino et
al., 2019), which will allow us to estimate in
relative terms the contribution of each region to
the total production of goods and services in the
entire country - Fig. 2. According to Table 1, it is
possible to note that the largest fluctuations in the
indices of manufactured products relate to those
regions, some of which were occupied in 2014-
2015, and, accordingly, production facilities
were in the territory not controlled by Ukraine.
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Gross regional product (mln.UAH)
Gross regional product (mln. UAH)
Ukrane Autonomous Republic of Crimea Vinnytsya
Volyn Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk
Zhytomyr Zakarpattya Zaporizhzhya
Ivano-Frankivsk Kyiv Kirovohrad
Luhansk Lviv Mykolayiv
Odesa Poltava Rivne
Sumy Ternopyl Kharkiv
Kherson Khmelnytsky Cherkasy
Chernivtsi Chernihiv Kyiv city
city Sevastopol
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Fig. 2. Indices of industrial production, by region for 2013-2021
(Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2023)
If we focus on the effectiveness of regional
development, we should emphasize the financial
performance of those enterprises (Fang et al.,
2023; Balland et al., 2019) that are concentrated
in the regions. Information on the positive and
negative financial results of Ukrainian business
entities by region is presented in Fig. 3.
According to regional statistics, we see that the
highest financial performance indicators are
generated by enterprises in Kyiv,
Dnipropetrovs'k, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv,
Lviv, Poltava, and Kharkiv regions. Accordingly,
the leaders in terms of financial performance are
also those regions where, as previously shown,
the largest number of industrial enterprises is
concentrated.
Unfortunately, there are no official statistics on
this indicator with information for 2022-2023, so
it is impossible to determine how the full-scale
hostilities on the territory of Ukraine affected
regional development.
Fig. 3. Net profit (loss) of large and medium-sized enterprises by regions, January-September 2021 (source:
State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2023)
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
140,0
Ukraine Vinnytsya
Volyn
Dnipropetrovsk
Donetsk
Zhytomyr
Zakarpattya
Zaporizhya
Ivano–Frankivsk
Kyiv
Kirovohrad
Luhansk
Lviv
Mikolayiv
Odesa
Poltava
Rivne
Sumy
Ternopil
Kharkiv
Kherson
Khmelnytskiy
Cherkasy
Chernivtsi
Chernihiv
City of Kyiv
Indices of industrial production, by region for 2013-2021
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
-50000,0
0,0
50000,0
100000,0
150000,0
200000,0
positive financial result, UAH mln. negative financial result, UAH mln.
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In addition to the financial performance of
enterprises concentrated in the region, an
important reflection of the effectiveness of their
economic development is the amount of capital
investment (Bezverkhyi et al., 2019; Elvekrok et
al., 2022) attracted to each region (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. Capital investments by regions for 2010-2020, mln. UAH
(Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2023)
Official statistics on the volume of capital
investment in the regions also ends with data for
2020, but it is indicative in the context that the
COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected
investment processes in all regions. In analyzing
the dynamics, it is worth noting that after the
change in Ukraine's political course in 2014, the
volume of capital investment in all regions
increased, with Kyiv, Dnipro, Kyiv, Lviv,
Poltava, and Kharkiv regions acting as leaders, as
well as other indicators.
In general, based on the analysis of statistics, it
can be argued that there is a certain shift in the
vector of development and efficiency of the
regions to the east of Ukraine, while the western
regions function less efficiently as a result of
their historical and climatic predisposition to
agriculture and population outflow.
Given the uneven development of Ukraine's
regions, which is substantiated by the analysis of
statistical data, it is worth noting that it is
impossible to develop a universal approach to the
effective development of any region, it is
necessary to take into account their specifics and
features, which can be done by clustering the
regions of Ukraine by indicators of their
development efficiency. It is optimal to use two
indicators of the effectiveness of economic
development of Ukrainian regions, namely: gross
regional product and the volume of capital
investment in the region (Diebolt & Hippe, 2019;
MacKinnon et al., 2019; Wu & Dong, 2022).
The results of the cluster analysis are shown in
Fig. 5. The results of the cluster analysis show
that Kyiv and Dnipro region form two separate
clusters. This is quite expected, since the
statistical data analyzed in the article also
confirmed the existence of significant differences
between these regions. The results of the cluster
analysis and recommendations for ensuring the
effectiveness of regional economic development
management are presented in Table 1.
0,0
100000,0
200000,0
300000,0
400000,0
500000,0
600000,0
700000,0
0,0
50000,0
100000,0
150000,0
200000,0
250000,0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Capital investments by regions for 2010-2020
Ukraine Vinnytsya Volyn Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk
Zhytomyr Zakarpattya Zaporizhzhya Ivano-Frankivsk Kyiv
Kirovohrad Luhansk Lviv Mykolayiv Odesa
Poltava Rivne Sumy Ternopil Kharkiv
Kherson Khmelnytsky Cherkasy Chernivtsi Chernihiv
City of Kyiv
220
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Tree Diagram for 25 Cases
Ward`s method
Euclidean distances
City of Kyiv
Cherkasy
Khmelnytskiy
Mykolayiv
Ivano-Frankivsk
Zhytomyr
Chernivtsi
Luhansk
Kherson
Rivne
Ternopil
Zakarpattya
Chernihiv
Sumy
Kirovohrad
Volyn
Dnipropetrovsk
Kharkiv
Lviv
Kyiv
Odesa
Donetsk
Poltava
Zaporizhzhya
Vinnytsya
0
2E5
4E5
6E5
8E5
1E6
1,2E6
1,4E6
1,6E6
1,8E6
Linkage Distance
Fig. 5. Results of clustering of Ukrainian regions by capital investment and GRP in 2021 (Source: compiled
by the author)
Table 1.
Results of the cluster analysis and recommendations for ensuring the effectiveness of regional economic
development management
Name of the cluster and its
characteristics
Composition of the cluster
he Recommendations for ensuring t
effectiveness of economic development
management in the cluster regions
Capital cluster. It is represented
exclusively by Kyiv and has the
specifics of development inherent
in the capital. It has the greatest
development potential and has
already achieved high performance
indicators in the region's economic
development
Kyiv
The development of the region should
focus on financing innovative projects,
investing in ambitious projects that can
improve Ukraine's international
se investment flows. rankings and increa
Intensive technology development is
recommended for the cluster
Trade and production cluster.
Dnipro region, which makes up the
cluster, combines high trade and
production potential due to its
favorable geographical location.
ion is home to large The reg
manufacturing enterprises and is
also home to innovative and
oriented companies-investment
Dnipro region
The economic development of the
cluster should focus on supporting the
existing business infrastructure and
l and encouraging its renewa
improvement. It is important for manufacturing
enterprises to attract investment in the
introduction of innovative production
technologies and resource conservation.
The renewal of fixed assets of
manufacturing enterprises remains
of them were created relevant, as most
in Soviet times
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Industrial and scientific cluster. It
has high development potential and
resources available for this purpose
Kharkiv, Lviv, Kyiv, Odesa,
Donetsk regions
Most of the cluster's regions are
of characterized by a combination
research centers, strong educational
institutions, and production of various
types of products and services. The
cluster can be characterized as having
average development -an above
potential and requiring state support to
develop its existing potential
A cluster with an average level of
development. Has development
potential, but without strong
innovative production
Poltava, Zaporizhzhia,
Vinnytsia regions
The cluster's regions can be called
satellites of more developed regions,
their own production but they also have
facilities and intellectual potential. The
cluster needs more attention from the
government and programs aimed at
industrial and economic development.
average -A cluster with a below
level of development. It has
derdeveloped, potential, but it is un
with no significant production
centers or infrastructure facilities
concentrated in the cluster's regions
Luhansk, Kherson, Rivne,
Ternopil, Zakarpattia,
Chernihiv, Sumy, Kirovohrad,
Volyn regions
The cluster regions can be
equiring increased characterized as r
attention from the state, in particular, a
program should be developed to find
optimal development vectors for the
regions that will take into account the
strengths of each region
A cluster with a low level of
phical development. Due to geogra
features, the cluster's regions have
low economic potential, but
significant tourism potential.
Cherkasy, Khmelnitsky,
Frankivsk, -Mykolaiv, Ivano
Zhytomyr, Chernivtsi regions
scale production in -There is no large
the cluster areas, but there are
ortunities for infrastructure and opp
tourism development
(Source: compiled by the author)
The cluster analysis showed that the regions of
Ukraine are significantly different and have their
own specifics, which should be considered when
planning effective economic development
measures. It is important to take into account the
degree of destruction caused by the hostilities in
each region, which will help identify those areas
that require the most attention and the most
significant inflow of investment, including from
outside the country.
Of course, it is impossible to ensure absolutely
uniform development of each region, but taking
into account the specifics of each region, it is
possible to determine the priorities for realizing
economic potential and efficient use of available
financial, human, energy, material, intellectual,
and investment resources.
Conclusions
In the course of the study, the goal was achieved,
namely, to determine the optimal approaches to
ensuring the effectiveness of regional economic
development management, taking into account
their current state and prospects for post-war
recovery. This was achieved by analyzing
statistical data and key indicators of the
development of Ukrainian regions. The analysis
showed that the most economically powerful
administrative-territorial unit is Kyiv. Kyiv,
where the majority of legal entities are
concentrated, and therefore most investments are
attracted here. The importance and significant
impact of Dnipropetrovs'k, Poltava, and Kharkiv
regions on the economic situation in the country
is also highlighted. Further, as a result of the
cluster analysis, a group of regions was
identified, characterized, and recommendations
for their economic development were
formulated. The following clusters were
identified because of the cluster analysis:
the capital clusters. It is represented exclusively
by Kyiv and has the specifics of development
inherent in the capital. It has the greatest
development potential and has already achieved
high performance indicators in the region's
economic development trade and production
cluster. Dnipro region which makes up the
cluster, combines high trade and production
potential due to its favorable geographical
location. The region is home to large
manufacturing enterprises and is also home to
innovative and investment-oriented companies
industrial and scientific cluster. It has high
development potential and resources available
for this purpose a cluster with an average level of
development. It has development potential, but
without strong innovative production a cluster
with a below-average level of development. It
has potential, but it is underdeveloped, with no
significant production centers or infrastructure
facilities concentrated in the cluster's regions a
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cluster with a low level of development. Due to
geographical features, the cluster's regions have
low economic potential, but a significant tourist.
It is worth emphasizing that the task of the state
is not to provide funding for each individual
region, but rather to identify the strengths of each
region and make efforts to ensure that these
strengths are developed.
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