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DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.63.03.15
How to Cite:
Skriabin, O.M., Kurakin, O.M., Slinko, D.S., Rybalkin, A.O., & Shapar, A.O. (2023). Prospects for the transformation of the
domestic law enforcement system in the conditions of russian aggression. Amazonia Investiga, 12(63), 164-174.
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.63.03.15
Prospects for the transformation of the domestic law enforcement
system in the conditions of russian aggression
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ ПРАВООХОРОННОЇ
СИСТЕМИ В УМОВАХ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ АГРЕСІЇ
Received: March 10, 2023 Accepted: April 20, 2023
Written by:
Oleksii M. Skriabin1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-5943
Researcher ID: ADX-2439-2022
Oleksandr M. Kurakin2
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0274-6530
Researcher ID Web of Science: AAZ-5861-2021
Dmytro S. Slinko3
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-3667
Web of Science Researcher ID: ABD-1351-2021
Andrii O. Rybalkin4
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2865-3158
Researcher ID Web of Science: HZJ-9093-2023
Artem O. Shapar5
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-701X
Web of Science Researcher ID: ABD-1484-2021
Abstract
Russian aggression has a direct impact on the
Ukrainian law enforcement system, because it is
a direct threat to the security and integrity of the
state. The paper aims to determine effective
means of transformation of the law enforcement
system of Ukraine in the conditions of russian
aggression. On the basis of a systematic analysis
of theoretical information, the main threats to the
law enforcement system of Ukraine were
determined: direct, caused by russian aggression,
hybrid and internal. At the current stage, some
reforms of the law enforcement system have been
implemented: creation of the National Police, an
anti-corruption body, the SOCTA methodology
for combating organized crime has been
implemented, the "PRAVO-Police" program has
been implemented, as well as martial law has
been implemented. The following issues require
1
Professor, Doctor of legal sciences, Professor of the department of civil and economic law of the Kryvyi Rih Educational and
Scientific Institute of the Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine.
2
Professor, Doctor of legal sciences, Dean of the Faculty Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine.
3
Associate Professor, Doctor of Law, Professor Lviv University of Business and Law, Lviv, Ukraine.
4
Associate Professor, Candidate of legal sciences, Director of the Luhansk Educational and Scientific Institute named after
E.O. Dydorenko of the Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
5
PhD of Law, Associate Professor Deputy Director for Educational and Research Activities of the Kryvyi Rih Educational and
Scientific Institute Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine.
Skriabin, O.M., Kurakin, O.M., Slinko, D.S., Rybalkin, A.O., Shapar, A.O. / Volume 12 - Issue 63: 164-174 / March, 2023
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further resolution: ineffective personnel policy
and low level of trust in law enforcement
officers, use of outdated work methods in the law
enforcement system. The solution of these issues
is possible through the following measures: the
introduction of modern technologies, the use of
artificial intelligence and extensive data in the
law enforcement sphere. This will increase the
level of security of the state, citizens and civil
society institutions.
Keywords: law enforcement system, reforms,
threats, russian aggression, state institutions,
Ukraine.
Introduction
Russian aggression against Ukraine began in
2014, but until 2022 it took place in the form of
a “hybrid war”. This situation was unexpected
for the Ukrainian law enforcement system, as a
result, imperfections were revealed in it that
threatened the internal security of the state.
Starting from February 2022, Russia's full-scale
war against Ukraine began, which caused the
appearance of new threats and the identification
of imperfections in the law enforcement system.
Changes in the Ukrainian state in the context of
Russian aggression are associated with the need
to combat open aggression, violation of foreign
territorial supremacy and state sovereignty. In
addition, information, economic and political
changes are taking place in parallel, which can
act as hybrid threats. These threats can destroy
government, society, economy, and sociocultural
ties, contributing to the aggressor's goals.
Among the hybrid threats, the most serious are:
– militant activity - 56%;
– illicit trafficking of firearms, ammunition,
explosives - 54%;
– the emergence of new criminal schemes in
the economic sphere - 42%;
– activities of criminal groups aimed at
deepening the criminal situation and
destabilizing the internal socio-political
situation in Ukraine - 41%;
– export to the territory of Ukraine by the
aggressor of representatives of the criminal
world - 41% (Council of the European
Union, 2010; Kovalchuk, Korystin &
Sviridyuk, 2019).
All this necessitates the transformation of the law
enforcement system of Ukraine, in accordance
with modern realities and taking into account all
threats that may harm the security of the state and
citizens. It should also be noted that in addition
to the emergence of new threats as a result of
Russian aggression, changes are taking place in
society due to technological and informational
development, which cause the need to improve
the law enforcement system - its structure,
methods and principles of public administration.
Digitalization is taking place in Ukraine, which
has affected all spheres of life in general, and the
law enforcement system in particular. Modern
information technologies make it possible to
improve the activities of the law enforcement
system and solve some of the existing
imperfections.
In the context of the rapid development and
implementation of information technologies in
all spheres of human activity, which significantly
change the principles, order, content and forms
of interaction in the virtual environment of legal
entities and individuals in the process of both
economic activity and personal (interpersonal)
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communications, the issues of developing
legislative norms and modernizing the law
enforcement system at the present stage of digital
transformation and the development of the
information society are of particular relevance.
That is, the threats caused by Russian aggression,
hybrid threats, as well as changes caused by
information and technological development,
make it necessary to transform the law
enforcement system of Ukraine in accordance
with modern realities.
The paper aims to identify the effective means of
transformation of the law enforcement system of
Ukraine in the conditions of Russian aggression
based on the analysis of the current state, existing
problems in the law enforcement sphere and
foreign experience of optimizing the law
enforcement system.
Metodology
To achieve the goals set in the article, a
comprehensive review of the transformation of
the law enforcement system of Ukraine in the
conditions of Russian aggression was carried out,
involving the use of special and general-
theoretical scientific approaches and methods.
The methodological basis of the article is general
scientific and special methods of cognition, in
particular:
– the dialectical method, with the help of
which the development of the law
enforcement system in Ukraine and the
relationship between the individual elements
of the law enforcement system and external
factors of influence on it are determined;
– system analysis made it possible to
determine the causes, conditions and
consequences of implementing changes in
the law enforcement system;
– the logical-legal method was used to analyze
the peculiarities of the Ukrainian law
enforcement system;
– the method of comparative law is applied to
compare the legislative measures used in
different countries in the conditions of
hostilities;
– the method of comparative analysis is used
to study methodological approaches,
concepts of leading domestic and foreign
scientists on the issue under consideration;
– abstract-logical method and method of
generalization were used for summarizing
theoretical propositions, establishing cause-
and-effect relationships and forming
conclusions.
Literature review
An effective law enforcement system is the goal
of every state. The effectiveness and efficiency
of the law enforcement system becomes
especially important during a full-scale war,
during which there is a direct danger to the
integrity of the state in general, and to citizens in
particular. The modern Ukrainian law
enforcement system is gradually moving away
from the model of the Soviet period, thanks to the
implemented reforms, and is also approaching
European standards. In the scientific literature,
the issue of defining the essence of the concept
of "law enforcement system" and its relationship
with the concept of "law enforcement agencies"
is debatable. The analysis shows that the concept
of "law enforcement system" is more voluminous
in nature than the concept of "system of law
enforcement agencies". The law enforcement
system includes not only specialized law
enforcement structures, but also separate law
enforcement state authorities, legal institutions,
norms, legal methods and means.
Classifying scientific approaches to defining the
law enforcement system, Dudchenko O.O.
claims that there is a "conditional division of
them into two groups: the first should include the
views of researchers who consider the law
enforcement system as a set of bodies that carry
out law enforcement activities, to the second -
researchers who consider the law enforcement
system as a complex phenomenon that
structurally includes other elements along with
law enforcement agencies" (Dudchenko, 2019a:
145).
The essence of the law enforcement system is
revealed by O.H. Bratko, by which he
understands "a complex of state-legal means,
methods and guarantees, which ensure the
protection of public relations from unlawful
encroachments and indicates that the law
enforcement system includes not only special
law enforcement agencies, but also other law
enforcement agencies of the state, as well as legal
means and methods of legal protection and legal
norms" (Bratko, 2004: 65).
Determining the leading institutions in the law
enforcement system, first of all, legal institutions
should be noted, and secondly, state institutions.
This necessitates consideration of the
relationship between legal and state institutions
in the law enforcement system. In this aspect, the
definition of the law enforcement system
proposed by S.H. Bratel is reasonable: "the law
enforcement system is a set of state legal means,
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methods and guarantees that ensure the
protection of a person from illegal violations"
(Bratel, 2015: 64).
An interesting approach to defining the essence
and specificity of the law enforcement system is
to view it as a social system: the law enforcement
system is a social system that reflects the unity
and interconnectedness of normative and legal
regulation in the law enforcement sphere, "the
organization of the system of law enforcement
agencies and other subjects of law enforcement
activity, as well as the law enforcement activity
itself, aimed at protecting and defending the
foundations of the constitutional order, including
the rights, freedoms, and lawful interests of
individuals and citizens, legality and law and
order" (Sokolenko, 2013: 92). The emphasis in
this definition is on the fact that the system of law
enforcement agencies is a subsystem of the law
enforcement system, which is a subsystem of the
legal system.
Scientists identify the main components of the
law enforcement system, which include:
"protective legal norms, goals, principles,
functions, tasks, subjects, objects of law
enforcement, law enforcement activities, as well
as law enforcement relations" (Pluhatar, 2014:
25).
O.O. Dudchenko emphasizes the multi-level
nature of the law enforcement system, stating
that "the law enforcement system is a multi-level
social system that exists in the state and unites
bodies and institutions that, based on and within
legal norms, carry out law enforcement and
protective activities to ensure legality in the
state." (Dudchenko, 2019a: 147).
A.M. Kulish (2009) defines the law enforcement
system as a "multi-level social system, consisting
of legal means, methods, and guarantees that
ensure the protection of social relations from
unlawful encroachments, and state bodies that
perform law enforcement functions." Scientists
also define the system of law enforcement
agencies as a "holistic complex, the system-
forming factor of which is not a structural but a
functional criterion - direct law enforcement
activities, which is determined by their common
functional purpose, primarily the protection and
defense of rights" (Zahumenna, 2020).
All these approaches reflect the essence of the
concept of the law enforcement system, but they
do not specify the specifics of law enforcement
structures. "The law enforcement system can be
viewed as a complex composite formation that
represents a set of law enforcement structures,
state and municipal legal means" (Kubaienko,
2022: 124). The main goal of the law
enforcement system is to protect human values,
rights, and freedoms. The nature of the law
enforcement structures' duties is public and legal.
In summary, based on the above definitions, the
concept of a law enforcement system can be
defined as the structures of a state and municipal
nature that implement law enforcement functions
with the aim of ensuring the safety and legality
of society, protecting the rights and freedoms of
citizens, state institutions from various violations
of the law.
The aim of law enforcement activity is "safety,
protection of human and citizen rights and
freedoms; ensuring public order and public
safety; maintenance of law and order;
implementation of the principle of the rule of
law" (Kuchuk, 2005: 68). As noted by
D. Mishchenko et al., (2019), among various
types of security of social objects, a special place
belongs to the national security of the country.
This is the state of the country when external and
internal threats to national values and the national
way of life are absent or eliminated, and the
realization of its important interests is ensured.
Therefore, national security involves protecting
the vital interests of citizens, society, as well as
national values and way of life, from a wide
range of external and internal threats of various
natures (political, economic, military,
environmental, etc.).
When considering the structure of the law
enforcement system, M.A. Buhanova
distinguishes two components:
1. The normative subsystem, which consists of
safety standards.
2. The institutional subsystem, which includes
the law enforcement activities of relevant
organizations and agencies (Buhanova,
2002: 18).
The identification of these components is typical
when considering the law enforcement system as
an element of the legal system. However, such an
approach excludes law enforcement agencies as
an element of the law enforcement system, which
must be an integral part of it.
The legal system, in turn, can be considered as a
complex of coordinated and interdependent legal
means designed to regulate social relations and
legal phenomena that arise as a result of
regulation (legal principles, legal norms, legal
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relations, legal culture, legislation, legal
consciousness, legal technique, legal institutions,
law and order, the state of legality, etc.) (Skakun,
2001: 237).
The law enforcement system, like any system,
can be considered as a set of other systems.
According to this approach, the structure of the
law enforcement system, as a unity of its
elements, as well as their interrelationships,
contains the following subsystems:
a) the normative-legal subsystem is a set of
various legal norms and other means of
regulating relations (morality, customs,
historical and national traditions, laws,
constitution);
b) the institutional subsystem consists of law
enforcement bodies, specially created and
authorized by the state to carry out law
enforcement activities;
c) the functional and practical subsystem
combines the methods of implementing the
law, law enforcement activities to ensure the
observance of the freedoms and rights of
citizens, their implementation;
d) the communication subsystem is a set of
principles of interaction and relations
formed within the law enforcement system.
Also, the structure of the law enforcement system
can be presented in the form of interaction of the
following elements:
1. Law enforcement ideology. This
phenomenon is the ideological basis of the
law enforcement system and concentrates
dominant ideas, thoughts, theories, doctrines
about the essence, goals, principles, ideals,
means of protecting human rights,
evaluating the effectiveness of law
enforcement, prospects for its development,
etc.
2. Law enforcement policy. Law enforcement
policy determines the official course of the
state in the sphere of protection of individual
rights and freedoms, forms its strategy and
tactics, setting the general orientation in the
activities of the entire state.
3. Law enforcement institutions
(organizations) are a system of state and
non-state bodies, institutions, and
organizations that perform the functions of
protecting individual freedoms and rights.
4. Law enforcement norms and legislation,
which are the normative basis of the law
enforcement system.
5. Law enforcement relations, which are social
relations regulated by law.
6. Legal practice, as a type of legal activity, is
the activity of subjects of law enforcement
relations that is carried out in unity with
accumulated social and legal experience
(Dudchenko, 2019b: 45).
Reform of the law enforcement system is a
prerequisite for any other reforms in Ukraine;
law enforcement reforms should be coordinated
and integrated with departmental plans and
programs; the task of reforming is to ensure that
there is a correspondence between tasks and
functions, structure and people and resource
provision (Chumak, 2015).
As a result of the transformation of the law
enforcement system of Ukraine, new law
enforcement bodies appeared - the National
Police; anti-corruption bodies. Changes are also
planned in the judicial system, as noted in the
Strategy for the Development of the Judiciary
and Constitutional Justice System for 2021-2023
(Decree № 231/2021, 2021).
However, there are still issues that require further
resolution. Such issues include inefficient
personnel policy, the need to optimize the
structure of law enforcement agencies. Today,
the institutional construction of the law
enforcement system is in a state of permanent
formation (Ivanets, 2018: 62).
Another problem in the law enforcement system
in Ukraine is corruption in law enforcement
agencies. Statistical data indicate a high level of
corruption in law enforcement agencies. "In
order to prevent corruption, it is proposed to
develop a general code of conduct for a law
enforcement officer and relevant disciplinary
codes with the definition of a procedure for
bringing them to disciplinary responsibility, the
types and limits of penalties for official offenses
and the conditions for encouraging moral official
conduct" (Nikolenko, 2013: 92).
The problem of money laundering is
interconnected with corruption, as corrupt public
officials seek to conceal illegally obtained funds
that they have misappropriated. "Such actions
have negative social consequences and require
joint international efforts to combat them"
(Graycar, 2019: 299). "Preventing corruption is
possible if all employees in the law enforcement
sector start feeling responsible for achieving the
common goal of creating a corruption-free state
body" (Nakonechna, 2019: 135). "The main way
for law enforcement agencies to cooperate with
other national and international agencies is
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through the exchange of information"
(Steblianko, 2020).
As a result of implementing such changes, it is
possible to achieve more effective interaction
between society and law enforcement agencies.
"Due to delayed notification, information
regarding the preparation or commission of
actions aimed at money laundering may be
missed, while insignificant notification will be
taken into account."
There is a need to create a system for filtering
messages received by law enforcement agencies"
(Motuzna, Reznik, 2022). In developed
countries, special programs are being developed
to improve the management of law enforcement
officers and improve personnel policy in this
area. Special attention is paid to "reducing the
pay gap between the public and private (civil)
sectors and optimizing the police structure,
developing indicators of job performance by
officials, and forming a new work ethic among
law enforcement officers" (Rizvi, 2005: 13).
Law enforcement agencies in many countries are
undergoing qualitative changes. Thus, police
reform is being implemented in order to change
the state-oriented priorities of activities to
socially-oriented priorities. "Most police
agencies experience an information deficit and
are unable to accurately identify issues. They
often lack the administrative and cultural
flexibility to respond instantaneously to a rapidly
changing environment" (Greene, 1998).
Increasing the effectiveness of the law
enforcement system is also a preventive measure
in the fight against threats and crime. Thus,
criminals often notice when the fight against
crime is improving in a particular country, and
they redirect their activities to more vulnerable
countries (Steblianko, 2020). This is one of the
reasons to work on the transformation of the law
enforcement system in Ukraine - to make it safer
and less attractive to criminals.
Results and discussion
In the context of Russian aggression, it is
important to reform Ukraine's law enforcement
system in line with the new conditions and
challenges to ensure security for the state and the
rights and freedoms of people and citizens.
Scientists Rover and Bienert (2017), Ahl (2019)
identify the importance of the role of the police
in terms of ensuring human and civil rights. They
emphasize the need for cooperation between law
enforcement agencies, civil society institutions
and citizens to increase the level of ensuring
democratic rights and freedoms in the state.
"Police activity based on cooperation with the
population, communities, and citizens aimed at
preventing offenses and crimes is an urgent need
of today. One of the ways to solve this task is to
improve the interaction of the police with the
population, which is a guarantee of the
population's trust in the police" (Maiorov, 2020:
189).
Empowering civil society to participate in
decision-making in the law enforcement sphere
can improve public perception of law
enforcement agencies, including the police.
Research shows that public satisfaction with the
police is not only dependent on the level of crime,
but also on how the police interact with citizens
((Lorraine et al, 2013; Ben, 2014; William,
2007).
The interaction of the state and civil society in
the process of monitoring the activities of state
bodies is possible thanks to the development of
forms of public control, public expertise, public
discussions, and public hearings (Kovaliv, 2021;
82). "The main element of the mechanism of
partnership relations between the above-
mentioned subjects are social technologies of
long-term design" (Hurkovskyi & Yesimov,
2018: 141-142).
The main goal of such interaction is to ensure the
unity of actions, mutual assistance and joint
efforts to successfully solve joint tasks. At the
same time, "interaction and mutual assistance
should be clearly agreed both on the goals (tasks)
of actions, and on the place and time of joint
events" (Zavalnyi, 2018; 147).
In a study on the effectiveness of law
enforcement agencies, researchers Jonathan
Chase, Jiali Du, Na Fu, Truc Viet Le, and Huong
Chuin Lau found that it becomes more difficult
for law enforcement officers to respond to calls
and reports of crimes. This is a consequence of
inefficient allocation of resources, which leads to
inhibition of the work of law enforcement
officers. Scientists believe that it is appropriate to
"change the principles of forming the staff,
distributing finances and generating work
schedules for employees" (Chase et al., 2017: 3).
Wilson and Weiss (2012) also note the need to
develop a more flexible approach to staffing.
Optimizing the workforce should focus on
addressing personnel allocation and workforce
scheduling issues (Cezik & L'Ecuyer, 2008).
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The use of modern technological means and
artificial intelligence, which can not only make
people's lives easier, but also effectively protect
them, is also important in terms of the
transformation of the law enforcement system
(Zhdanov, 2019). In studies of the role of
information and communication technologies
and systems in ensuring and maintaining public
order, combating and preventing crime, "a
significant place is occupied by the latest
achievements in science and technology, the use
of modern information and telecommunication
networks" (Tsimbal, 2015: 236), "the
effectiveness of the police work and the high
level of professionalism of its employees are
directly related to the wider implementation of
modern technologies" (Strom, 2016).
By using big data, we can timely detect crimes
and offenses, and coordinate the activities of law
enforcement agencies for a quick and effective
case hearing (Wanhua et al., 2018).
In addition, the transformation of the law
enforcement system in the conditions of Russian
aggression involves the introduction of
restrictions on the rights and freedoms of citizens
in order to ensure national security.
Kovalchuk et al., (2019) emphasized the need to
forcibly limit people's civil rights aimed at
achieving a state of public order.
In this aspect, it is important to find a balance in
limiting rights and freedoms not only for citizens,
but also for representatives of law enforcement
agencies. In parallel with the development of
modern information and digital technology, law
enforcement agencies are getting more and more
opportunities to restrict the rights of citizens. It
should not cross the boundary of personal
freedom and privacy without visible reasons"
(Silberglitt, Chow, and Hollywood, 2015).
Currently, the development of information
technologies significantly expands the analytical
capabilities of law enforcement agencies. It is
important to limit their influence on the sphere of
private interests and civil rights
(Sereni-Massinger et al., 2015).
The law enforcement system in Ukraine under
the conditions of Russian aggression must be
effective in combating hybrid threats (activities
of illegal armed groups; illegal trafficking of
weapons, ammunition, explosives; emergence of
new criminal schemes in the economic sphere;
activities of criminal groups, etc.). In this aspect,
law enforcement activities concerning organized
crime should not focus on individual participants
who should be punished for specific offenses, but
rather on broader aspects of criminal behavior
and the subculture of organized crime. Scientists
Dintino and Marten (1983) noted that the
intelligence analysis remains the only rational
means of solving the problem of organized
crime.
Currently, the multi-year cycle of policy on
responding to serious crime and organized crime
(Picarelli,, 2011), developed by the EU in 2010,
is exemplary in its consistent and systematic
elimination of the most significant criminal
threats through effective cooperation among the
relevant agencies of the member countries,
institutions, and EU bodies.
This approach was approved by the EU Council
in December 2010 (Europol, 2017). The
specified EU policy cycle started with the
creation of the Serious and Organized Crime
Threat Assessment (SOCTA), in which Europol
generates analytical findings that are transformed
into political priorities, strategic goals, and
operational action plans for the EU. It is
important to note the link between the SOCTA
findings and the identification of goals and plans
(Europol, 2021).
The SOCTA methodology will be an adequate
response to organized crime, determining the
priority areas of law enforcement activities. This
will allow the state and its law enforcement
agencies to take the highest position in solving
the problem of organized crime, more likely to
ensure the appropriate level of security in society
and increase public trust (Svyrydiuk & Korystin,
2022).
The main basic tasks of law enforcement
agencies are the protection of constitutional
order, state sovereignty and territorial integrity of
the state, combating crime, protection of the
rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of
citizens, society and the state as a whole.
A.P. Zahorulko (2018) suggests new important
challenges in countering hybrid threats:
1. Ensuring the internal security of the state by
strengthening the effectiveness of the fight
against the interference of the special
services of the aggressor country in the
internal affairs of Ukraine.
2. Achieving unwavering positions in
protecting national interests in the
information and cyber space, constant
monitoring of the situation, effective
prevention of conflict situations in inter-
ethnic, inter-confessional, inter-regional,
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and other areas of national and social
relations, and promoting their stabilization.
3. Protection of national interests of the state at
the international level by diplomatic,
political, economic, energy, judicial and
other methods.
Over the past five years, the Ukrainian law
enforcement system has gradually approached
European standards thanks to international
cooperation. Thanks to the support of the
European Union, Ukraine has significantly
brought the work of the law enforcement system
closer to advanced European and international
models. The country greatly benefited from the
assistance provided by the "PRAVO-Police"
program, which was implemented by UNOPS in
close cooperation with the EU Advisory Mission
in Ukraine from 2017 to 2022. The Program's
budget provided Ukrainian law enforcement
agencies with expert consulting support, training
events on a number of issues, forensic
equipment, personal protective equipment,
computing equipment, and professional
software. The Ukrainian law enforcement system
has become more stable, better equipped, more
oriented to the needs of citizens (Akopian, 2022).
Table 1.
Possibilities of transformation of the law enforcement system in Ukraine in the conditions of Russian
aggression
№
Type of issue
The essence of issue
Possible measures to solve the
issue
Status of measures
implementation
1
Direct threats
russian due to
aggression
The need for a large
number of law
enforcement officers to
ensure the security of
the state
- restriction of the rights and
freedoms of citizens by
introducing a martial law regime; - limiting the influence of law
enforcement agencies on the
sphere of private interests and
civil rights of citizens.
Implemented
2
Hybrid threats
Organized crime
– use of the SOCTA
methodology; – international cooperation in the
fight against organized crime.
Implemented
Economic crimes
3
Internal threats
Corruption, money
laundering
– creation of the Anti-corruption
body; – development of a general code
of conduct for law enforcement
officers; – increasing the responsibility of
law enforcement officers for
committing such crimes.
Implemented
Inefficient use of human
resources in the sphere
of law enforcement
activities
– use of big data, modern
technologies and artificial
intelligence in the field of law
enforcement activities; – personnel distribution and
planning of the work schedule of
employees.
Not implemented
Low level of trust in law
enforcement officials
– cooperation of law enforcement
agencies with public
organizations and citizens; – the opportunity for citizens to
participate in decision-making in
the field of law enforcement.
In the implementation
phase
(developed by the authors)
Thus, the law enforcement system in Ukraine is
undergoing changes, in accordance with modern
conditions and existing threats caused by russian
aggression, hybrid threats and issues of an
internal nature. This transformation brings
Ukraine's law enforcement system closer to
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European standards and helps reduce the
negative impact of Russian aggression. As a
result of reforming the law enforcement system,
it is possible to increase the level of security of
the state, civil society institutions, and citizens.
Conclusion
The russian aggression that began in 2014 and
escalated to a full-scale conflict in 2022 is a
direct threat to the security and territorial
integrity of the Ukrainian state. This necessitates
the need for the transformation of Ukraine's law
enforcement system in accordance with modern
realities. The purpose of the article is to identify
effective means of transforming the law
enforcement system of Ukraine in the context of
russian aggression.
It is determined that the concept of "law
enforcement system" is broader than the concept
of "law enforcement agencies" and includes the
following elements: law enforcement ideology,
law enforcement policy, law enforcement
institutions, legal norms and legislation, law
enforcement relations, and legal practice.
The threats to the modern Ukrainian law
enforcement system include:
– Direct threats (directly related to russian
aggression);
– Hybrid threats (organized crime, economic
crimes);
– Internal threats (corruption and money
laundering among law enforcement officers,
insufficient level of trust in law enforcement
officers).
The result of the transformation of the law
enforcement system of Ukraine is the creation of
the National Police, anti-corruption bodies,
changes in the judicial system, implementation of
the SOCTA methodology to combat organized
crime, implementation of the "PRAVO-Police"
program to increase the effectiveness of police
work.
The current issues in the law enforcement system
include the need to increase the effectiveness of
personnel policies, increase trust in law
enforcement officers and address the use of
outdated methods in the law enforcement system.
To address these issues, it would be advisable to
implement the following measures: the
interaction of law enforcement agencies with
civil society organizations, the introduction of
modern technologies, the use of artificial
intelligence and big data in the law enforcement
field.
Implementation of these measures will allow to
increase the effectiveness of the law enforcement
system and ensure the necessary level of security
for the state, citizens and civil society
institutions.
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