register, where control entities reward or punish
participation based on its efficiency.
Bibliographic references
Abbe, O., & Herrnson, P. (2003). Campaign
Professionalism in State Legislative
Elections. State Politics & Policy Quarterly,
3(3), 223 - 245.
https://doi.org/10.1177/15324400030030030
1
Abramowitz, A. (1991). Incumbency, Camapign
Spending and the Decline of Competition is
U.S. House Elections. The Journal of Politics,
53(1), 34 - 56.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2131719
Acevedo, S., & Navia, P. (2015). Un método no
endógeno para medir el gasto electoral en
Chile, 2005-2009. Revista mexicana de
Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 60(225),
103-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0185-
1918(15)30021-0
Alexander, H. (1984). Financing Politics.
Money, Elections, and Political Reform.
Congressional Quarterly inc.
Angulo, A. M. (2015). Intención de voto y
simpatía partidista en Bogota. Colombia
Internacional, 81 - 106.
Borja, S. (2020). El gasto social y el voto:
análisis de los principales factores que
influyen en el comportamiento del gobierno y
los votantes Ecuador 2007-2017.
Democracias, 8, 249 - 274.
Carey, J. M., Niemi, R. G., & Powell, L. W.
(2000). Incumbency and the Probability of
Reelection in State Legislative Elections. The
journals of Politics, 62(3), 671-700.
https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-3816.00029
Carrillo, H. M. (2006). El clientelismo y la
orientación del voto en la alternancia: el caso
de los municipios de México (1989 - 1997).
El Cotidiano, 21(138), 7-16.
https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=3251
3802
Castillo, J. G., & Granda, F. (2014). Resultados
electorales y el contexto socioeconómico: un
análisis de las elecciones seccionales en el
Ecuador 2009 - 2014. Democracias, 2, 21-75.
Cox, G., & Thies, M. (2000). How Much does
Money matter? "Buying" Votes in Japan,
1967 - 1990. Comparative Political Studies,
33(1), 37-57.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140000330010
02
Del Castillo, P., & Zovatto, D. (1998). La
financiación de la política en Iberoamérica.
Instituto Interamericano de Derechos
Humanos.
Downs, A. (1957). Teoría Económica de la
Acción Política en una Democracia. Editorial
Ariel.
Erikson, R., & Palfrey, T. (1998). Campaign
Spending and Incumbency: An alternative
simultaneous equations approach. The
Journal of Politics, 60(2), 355-373.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2647913
Gierzynski, A., Klepner, P., & Lewis, J. (1998).
Money or the Machine: Money and Votes in
Chicago Aldermanic Elections. American
Politics Research, 26(2), 160-173.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X98026002
02
Green, D. P., & Krasno, J. (1988). Salvation for
the Spendthrift Incumbent: Reestimating the
Effects of Campaign Spending in House
Election. American Journal of Political
Science, 32(4), 884-907.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2111193
Hernández-Rojas, R. D., Jimber del Rio, J.A.,
Ibañez Fernández, A., & Vergara-Romero, A.
(2021). The cultural and heritage tourist,
SEM analysis: the case of The Citadel of the
Catholic King. Heritage Science, 9(52), 1-19.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-021-00525-0
Holbrook, T., & Weinschenk, A. (2014). Money,
Candidates and Mayoral elections. Electoral
studies, 35, 292-302.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.02.0
02
Jacobson, G. (1987). The Marginals Never
Vanished: Incumbency and Competition in
Elections to the U.S. House of
Representatives. American Journal of
Political Science, 31(1), 1952-82, 126-141.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2111327
Jacobson, G. C. (1978). The Effects of Campaign
Spending in Congressional Elections.
American Political Science Review, 72(2),
469-491. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954105
Jacobson, G., & Kernell, S. (1983). Strategy and
choice in congressional elections. Yale
University Press.
Jimber del Río, J. A., Hernández-Rojas, R. D.,
Vergara-Romero, A., & Dancausa Millán, M.
(2020). Loyalty in Heritage Tourism: The
Case of Córdoba and Its Four World Heritage
Sites. International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8950.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238950
King, J. (2001). Incumbent Popularity and Vote
Choice in Gubernatorial Elections. The
Journals of Politics, 63(2), 585-597.
https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-3816.00080
Love, G. (2009). Competir y ganar: calidad de los
candidatos en las elecciones legislativas de
2006 en México. Política y gobierno, 2,
77-100.